格式化，然后使用shell脚本和awk将txt转换为csv

Question

I have a text file:

ifile.txt
x       y       z       t              value
1       1       5       01hr01Jan2018   3
1       1       5       02hr01Jan2018   3.1
1       1       5       03hr01Jan2018   3.2
1       3.4     3       01hr01Jan2018   4.1
1       3.4     3       02hr01Jan2018   6.1
1       3.4     3       03hr01Jan2018   1.1
1       4.2     6       01hr01Jan2018   6.33
1       4.2     6       02hr01Jan2018   8.33
1       4.2     6       03hr01Jan2018   5.33
3.4     1       2       01hr01Jan2018   3.5
3.4     1       2       02hr01Jan2018   5.65
3.4     1       2       03hr01Jan2018   3.66
3.4     3.4     4       01hr01Jan2018   6.32
3.4     3.4     4       02hr01Jan2018   9.32
3.4     3.4     4       03hr01Jan2018   12.32
3.4     4.2     8.1     01hr01Jan2018   7.43
3.4     4.2     8.1     02hr01Jan2018   7.93
3.4     4.2     8.1     03hr01Jan2018   5.43
4.2     1       3.4     01hr01Jan2018   6.12
4.2     1       3.4     02hr01Jan2018   7.15
4.2     1       3.4     03hr01Jan2018   9.12
4.2     3.4     5.5     01hr01Jan2018   2.2
4.2     3.4     5.5     02hr01Jan2018   3.42
4.2     3.4     5.5     03hr01Jan2018   3.21
4.2     4.2     6.2     01hr01Jan2018   1.3
4.2     4.2     6.2     02hr01Jan2018   3.4
4.2     4.2     6.2     03hr01Jan2018   1

Explanation: Each coordinate (x,y) has a z-value and three time values. The spaces are not tabs. They are sequence of spaces.

I would like to format the t-column as row and then convert to a csv file. My expected output is as:

ofile.txt
x,y,z,01hr01Jan2018,02hr01Jan2018,03hr01Jan2018
1,1,5,3,3.1,3.2
1,3.4,3,4.1,6.1,1.1
1,4.2,6,6.33,8.33,5.33
3.4,1,2,3.5,5.65,3.66
3.4,3.4,4,6.32,9.32,12.32
3.4,4.2,8.1,7.43,7.93,5.43
4.2,1,3.4,6.12,7.15,9.12
4.2,3.4,5.5,2.2,3.42,3.21
4.2,4.2,6.2,1.3,3.4,1

I am trying it in following way, but still not getting the desire output. My script prints some extra commas (,) at the end.

My algorithm and script is:

    #Step1:- Split into two files: one with x,y,z (0001.txt) and
    #        another with t,value (0002.txt).

    awk '{n=3; for (i=1;i<=n;i++) printf "%s ", $i; print "";}' ifile.txt > 0001.txt
    awk '{n=5; for (i=4;i<=n;i++) printf "%s ", $i; print "";}' ifile.txt > 0002.txt

    #Setp2:- In 0001.txt: Delete the repetition rows. 

    awk '!seen[$1,$2,$3]++' 0001.txt > 00011.txt

    #Step3:- In 0002.txt: Delete the first row. For each 3 rows in t-column,
    #        write the value-column as rows. Add the t-row at top
    #        this is very manual. I am wondering for some command

    grep -E "^[0-9].*" 0002.txt > 0003.txt
   awk -v n=3 '{ row = row $2 " "; if (NR % n == 0) { print row; row = "" } }' 0003.txt > 0004.txt
    (echo "01hr01Jan2018,02hr01Jan2018,03hr01Jan2018";cat 0004.txt) > 00022.txt  

    #Step4:- Paste output of two and convert to csv.
    paste 00011.txt 00022.txt > 0005.txt
    cat 0005.txt | tr -s '[:blank:]' ',' > ofile.txt

Answer 1

You may use this awk :

awk -v OFS=, '{k=$1 OFS $2 OFS $3}
!($4 in hdr){hn[++h]=$4; hdr[$4]}
k in row{row[k]=row[k] OFS $5; next}
{rn[++n]=k; row[k]=$5}
END {
   printf "%s", rn[1]
   for(i=1; i<=h; i++)
      printf "%s", OFS hn[i]
   print ""
   for (i=2; i<=n; i++)
      print rn[i], row[rn[i]]
}' file

x,y,z,t,01hr01Jan2018,02hr01Jan2018,03hr01Jan2018
1,1,5,3,3.1,3.2
1,3.4,3,4.1,6.1,1.1
1,4.2,6,6.33,8.33,5.33
3.4,1,2,3.5,5.65,3.66
3.4,3.4,4,6.32,9.32,12.32
3.4,4.2,8.1,7.43,7.93,5.43
4.2,1,3.4,6.12,7.15,9.12
4.2,3.4,5.5,2.2,3.42,3.21
4.2,4.2,6.2,1.3,3.4,1

Answer 2

A single awk program can generate your desired output: using GNU awk

gawk '
    BEGIN {SUBSEP = OFS = ","}
    NR==1 {next}
    { groups[$4]; value[$1,$2,$3][$4] = $5 }
    END {
        PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc"
        printf "x,y,z"
        for (g in groups) printf ",%s", g
        printf "\n"
        for (a in value) {
            printf "%s", a
            for (g in groups) printf "%s%s", OFS, 0+value[a][g]
            printf "\n"
        }
    }
' ifile.txt

Answer 3

another similar awk , without the right header

$ awk -v OFS=, '{k=$1 OFS $2 OFS $3} 
           p!=k {if(p) print line; p=k; line=k} 
                {line=line OFS $NF} 
           END  {print line}' file 

x,y,z,value
1,1,5,3,3.1,3.2
1,3.4,3,4.1,6.1,1.1
1,4.2,6,6.33,8.33,5.33
3.4,1,2,3.5,5.65,3.66
3.4,3.4,4,6.32,9.32,12.32
3.4,4.2,8.1,7.43,7.93,5.43
4.2,1,3.4,6.12,7.15,9.12
4.2,3.4,5.5,2.2,3.42,3.21
4.2,4.2,6.2,1.3,3.4,1