.NET WPF 记住会话之间的窗口大小

Question

Basically when user resizes my application's window I want application to be same size when application is re-opened again.

At first I though of handling SizeChanged event and save Height and Width, but I think there must be easier solution.

Pretty simple problem, but I can not find easy solution to it.

Answer 1

Save the values in the user.config file.

You'll need to create the value in the settings file - it should be in the Properties folder. Create five values:

• Top of type double
• Left of type double
• Height of type double
• Width of type double
• Maximized of type bool - to hold whether the window is maximized or not. If you want to store more information then a different type or structure will be needed.

Initialise the first two to 0 and the second two to the default size of your application, and the last one to false.

Create a Window_OnSourceInitialized event handler and add the following:

this.Top = Properties.Settings.Default.Top;
this.Left = Properties.Settings.Default.Left;
this.Height = Properties.Settings.Default.Height;
this.Width = Properties.Settings.Default.Width;
// Very quick and dirty - but it does the job
if (Properties.Settings.Default.Maximized)
{
    WindowState = WindowState.Maximized;
}

NOTE: The set window placement needs to go in the on source initialised event of the window not the constructor, otherwise if you have the window maximised on a second monitor, it will always restart maximised on the primary monitor and you won't be able to access it.

Create a Window_Closing event handler and add the following:

if (WindowState == WindowState.Maximized)
{
    // Use the RestoreBounds as the current values will be 0, 0 and the size of the screen
    Properties.Settings.Default.Top = RestoreBounds.Top;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Left = RestoreBounds.Left;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Height = RestoreBounds.Height;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Width = RestoreBounds.Width;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Maximized = true;
}
else
{
    Properties.Settings.Default.Top = this.Top;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Left = this.Left;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Height = this.Height;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Width = this.Width;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Maximized = false;
}

Properties.Settings.Default.Save();

This will fail if the user makes the display area smaller - either by disconnecting a screen or changing the screen resolution - while the application is closed so you should add a check that the desired location and size is still valid before applying the values.

Answer 2

Actually you don't need to use code-behind to do that (except for saving the settings). You can use a custom markup extension to bind the window size and position to the settings like this :

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:my="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
        Title="Window1"
        Height="{my:SettingBinding Height}"
        Width="{my:SettingBinding Width}"
        Left="{my:SettingBinding Left}"
        Top="{my:SettingBinding Top}">

You can find the code for this markup extension here : http://www.thomaslevesque.com/2008/11/18/wpf-binding-to-application-settings-using-a-markup-extension/

Answer 3

Just wrote a blog entry detailing how to do this in a simple and robust manner. It uses the GetWindowPlacement and SetWindowPlacement functions mentioned by Andy, but with some of the odd behavior he mentioned cleaned up:

https://engy.us/blog/2010/03/08/saving-window-size-and-location-in-wpf-and-winforms/

Here are some differences with other answers:

• This code is aware of monitor changes, so it knows to move a window when a monitor is disconnected (so it's not stranded off screen).
• It can also save the normal size of the window even when it's maximized, so it knows what to restore to when un-maximized.
• It also consolidates the window state into a single string, which is easier to persist.
• Code defines a class that can be used on one or more windows in your project by just hooking two events. Thus, it does not clutter any of your project files.

Answer 4

While you can "roll your own" and manually save the settings somewhere, and in general it will work, it is very easy to not handle all of the cases correctly. It is much better to let the OS do the work for you, by calling GetWindowPlacement() at exit and SetWindowPlacement() at startup. It handles all of the crazy edge cases that can occur (multiple monitors, save the normal size of the window if it is closed while maximized, etc.) so that you don't have to.

This MSDN Sample shows how to use these with a WPF app. The sample isn't perfect (the window will start in the upper left corner as small as possible on first run, and there is some odd behavior with the Settings designer saving a value of type WINDOWPLACEMENT ), but it should at least get you started.

Answer 5

The "long form" binding that Thomas posted above requires almost no coding, just make sure you have the namespace binding:

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:p="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1.Properties"
        Title="Window1"
        Height="{Binding Source={x:Static p:Settings.Default}, Path=Height, Mode=TwoWay}"
        Width="{Binding Source={x:Static p:Settings.Default}, Path=Width, Mode=TwoWay}"
        Left="{Binding Source={x:Static p:Settings.Default}, Path=Left, Mode=TwoWay}"
        Top="{Binding Source={x:Static p:Settings.Default}, Path=Top, Mode=TwoWay}">

Then to save on the code-behind:

private void frmMain_Closed(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Properties.Settings.Default.Save();
}

Answer 6

Alternatively, you might like the following approach too ( see source ). Add the WindowSettings class to your project and insert WindowSettings.Save="True" in your main window's header:

<Window x:Class="YOURPROJECT.Views.ShellView"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:Services="clr-namespace:YOURNAMESPACE.Services" 
    Services:WindowSettings.Save="True">

Where WindowSettings is defined as follows:

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Windows;

namespace YOURNAMESPACE.Services
{
/// <summary>
///   Persists a Window's Size, Location and WindowState to UserScopeSettings
/// </summary>
public class WindowSettings
{
    #region Fields

    /// <summary>
    ///   Register the "Save" attached property and the "OnSaveInvalidated" callback
    /// </summary>
    public static readonly DependencyProperty SaveProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Save", typeof (bool), typeof (WindowSettings), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(OnSaveInvalidated));

    private readonly Window mWindow;

    private WindowApplicationSettings mWindowApplicationSettings;

    #endregion Fields

    #region Constructors

    public WindowSettings(Window pWindow) { mWindow = pWindow; }

    #endregion Constructors

    #region Properties

    [Browsable(false)] public WindowApplicationSettings Settings {
        get {
            if (mWindowApplicationSettings == null) mWindowApplicationSettings = CreateWindowApplicationSettingsInstance();
            return mWindowApplicationSettings;
        }
    }

    #endregion Properties

    #region Methods

    public static void SetSave(DependencyObject pDependencyObject, bool pEnabled) { pDependencyObject.SetValue(SaveProperty, pEnabled); }

    protected virtual WindowApplicationSettings CreateWindowApplicationSettingsInstance() { return new WindowApplicationSettings(this); }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Load the Window Size Location and State from the settings object
    /// </summary>
    protected virtual void LoadWindowState() {
        Settings.Reload();
        if (Settings.Location != Rect.Empty) {
            mWindow.Left = Settings.Location.Left;
            mWindow.Top = Settings.Location.Top;
            mWindow.Width = Settings.Location.Width;
            mWindow.Height = Settings.Location.Height;
        }
        if (Settings.WindowState != WindowState.Maximized) mWindow.WindowState = Settings.WindowState;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Save the Window Size, Location and State to the settings object
    /// </summary>
    protected virtual void SaveWindowState() {
        Settings.WindowState = mWindow.WindowState;
        Settings.Location = mWindow.RestoreBounds;
        Settings.Save();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Called when Save is changed on an object.
    /// </summary>
    private static void OnSaveInvalidated(DependencyObject pDependencyObject, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs pDependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs) {
        var window = pDependencyObject as Window;
        if (window != null)
            if ((bool) pDependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs.NewValue) {
                var settings = new WindowSettings(window);
                settings.Attach();
            }
    }

    private void Attach() {
        if (mWindow != null) {
            mWindow.Closing += WindowClosing;
            mWindow.Initialized += WindowInitialized;
            mWindow.Loaded += WindowLoaded;
        }
    }

    private void WindowClosing(object pSender, CancelEventArgs pCancelEventArgs) { SaveWindowState(); }

    private void WindowInitialized(object pSender, EventArgs pEventArgs) { LoadWindowState(); }

    private void WindowLoaded(object pSender, RoutedEventArgs pRoutedEventArgs) { if (Settings.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized) mWindow.WindowState = Settings.WindowState; }

    #endregion Methods

    #region Nested Types

    public class WindowApplicationSettings : ApplicationSettingsBase
    {
        #region Constructors

        public WindowApplicationSettings(WindowSettings pWindowSettings) { }

        #endregion Constructors

        #region Properties

        [UserScopedSetting] public Rect Location {
            get {
                if (this["Location"] != null) return ((Rect) this["Location"]);
                return Rect.Empty;
            }
            set { this["Location"] = value; }
        }

        [UserScopedSetting] public WindowState WindowState {
            get {
                if (this["WindowState"] != null) return (WindowState) this["WindowState"];
                return WindowState.Normal;
            }
            set { this["WindowState"] = value; }
        }

        #endregion Properties
    }

    #endregion Nested Types
}
}

Answer 7

This is the most elegant solution that I've seen over the internet. Check this out:

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/davidrickard/archive/2010/03/09/saving-window-size-and-location-in-wpf-and-winforms.aspx

It works for WPF and for WinForms too.

Answer 8

The default way of solving it is to use settings files. The problem with settings files is that you have to define all the settings and write the code that copies data back and forth yourself. Quite tedious if you have a lot of properties to keep track of.

I made a pretty flexible and very easy to use library for this, you just tell it which properties of which object to track and it does the rest. You can configure the crap out of it too if you like.

The library is called Jot (github) , here is an old CodeProject article I wrote about it.

Here's how you'd use it to keep track of a window's size and location:

public MainWindow()
{
    InitializeComponent();

    _stateTracker.Configure(this)
        .IdentifyAs("MyMainWindow")
        .AddProperties(nameof(Height), nameof(Width), nameof(Left), nameof(Top), nameof(WindowState))
        .RegisterPersistTrigger(nameof(Closed))
        .Apply();
}

Jot vs. settings files: With Jot there's considerably less code, and it's a lot less error prone since you only need to mention each property once . With settings files you need to mention each property 5 times : once when you explicitly create the property and an additional four times in the code that copies the values back and forth.

Storage, serialization etc are completely configurable. Also, when using IOC, you can even hook it up so that it applies tracking automatically to all objects it resolves so that all you need to do to make a property persistent is slap a [Trackable] attribute on it.

I'm writing all this because I think the library is top notch and I want to mouth off about it.

Answer 9

I wrote a quick class which does this. Here is how it's called:

    public MainWindow()
    {
        FormSizeSaver.RegisterForm(this, () => Settings.Default.MainWindowSettings,
                                   s =>
                                   {
                                       Settings.Default.MainWindowSettings = s;
                                       Settings.Default.Save();
                                   });
        InitializeComponent();
        ...

And here is the code:

public class FormSizeSaver
{
    private readonly Window window;
    private readonly Func<FormSizeSaverSettings> getSetting;
    private readonly Action<FormSizeSaverSettings> saveSetting;
    private FormSizeSaver(Window window, Func<string> getSetting, Action<string> saveSetting)
    {
        this.window = window;
        this.getSetting = () => FormSizeSaverSettings.FromString(getSetting());
        this.saveSetting = s => saveSetting(s.ToString());

        window.Initialized += InitializedHandler;
        window.StateChanged += StateChangedHandler;
        window.SizeChanged += SizeChangedHandler;
        window.LocationChanged += LocationChangedHandler;
    }

    public static FormSizeSaver RegisterForm(Window window, Func<string> getSetting, Action<string> saveSetting)
    {
        return new FormSizeSaver(window, getSetting, saveSetting);
    }


    private void SizeChangedHandler(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        var s = getSetting();
        s.Height = e.NewSize.Height;
        s.Width = e.NewSize.Width;
        saveSetting(s);
    }

    private void StateChangedHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        var s = getSetting();
        if (window.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized)
        {
            if (!s.Maximized)
            {
                s.Maximized = true;
                saveSetting(s);
            }
        }
        else if (window.WindowState == WindowState.Normal)
        {
            if (s.Maximized)
            {
                s.Maximized = false;
                saveSetting(s);
            }
        }
    }

    private void InitializedHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        var s = getSetting();
        window.WindowState = s.Maximized ? WindowState.Maximized : WindowState.Normal;

        if (s.Height != 0 && s.Width != 0)
        {
            window.Height = s.Height;
            window.Width = s.Width;
            window.WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.Manual;
            window.Left = s.XLoc;
            window.Top = s.YLoc;
        }
    }

    private void LocationChangedHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        var s = getSetting();
        s.XLoc = window.Left;
        s.YLoc = window.Top;
        saveSetting(s);
    }
}

[Serializable]
internal class FormSizeSaverSettings
{
    public double Height, Width, YLoc, XLoc;
    public bool Maximized;

    public override string ToString()
    {
        using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
        {
            var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            bf.Serialize(ms, this);
            ms.Position = 0;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[(int)ms.Length];
            ms.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            return Convert.ToBase64String(buffer);
        }
    }

    internal static FormSizeSaverSettings FromString(string value)
    {
        try
        {
            using (var ms = new MemoryStream(Convert.FromBase64String(value)))
            {
                var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
                return (FormSizeSaverSettings) bf.Deserialize(ms);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            return new FormSizeSaverSettings();
        }
    }
}

Answer 10

There's a NuGet Project RestoreWindowPlace see on github that does all this for you, saving the information in an XML file.

To get it to work on a window, it's as simple as calling:

((App)Application.Current).WindowPlace.Register(this);

In App you create the class that manages your windows. See the github link above for more information.

Answer 11

I made a more generic solution based on RandomEngys brilliant answer. It saves the position to file in the running folder and you don't need to create new properties for each new window you create. This sollution works great for me with minimal code in code behind.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Interop;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace WindowPlacementNameSpace
{

    // RECT structure required by WINDOWPLACEMENT structure
    [Serializable]
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct RECT
    {
        public int Left;
        public int Top;
        public int Right;
        public int Bottom;

        public RECT(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
        {
            this.Left = left;
            this.Top = top;
            this.Right = right;
            this.Bottom = bottom;
        }
    }

    // POINT structure required by WINDOWPLACEMENT structure
    [Serializable]
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct POINT
    {
        public int X;
        public int Y;

        public POINT(int x, int y)
        {
            this.X = x;
            this.Y = y;
        }
    }

    // WINDOWPLACEMENT stores the position, size, and state of a window
    [Serializable]
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct WINDOWPLACEMENT
    {
        public int length;
        public int flags;
        public int showCmd;
        public POINT minPosition;
        public POINT maxPosition;
        public RECT normalPosition;
    }

    public static class WindowPlacement
    {
        private static readonly Encoding Encoding = new UTF8Encoding();
        private static readonly XmlSerializer Serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(WINDOWPLACEMENT));

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        private static extern bool SetWindowPlacement(IntPtr hWnd, [In] ref WINDOWPLACEMENT lpwndpl);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        private static extern bool GetWindowPlacement(IntPtr hWnd, out WINDOWPLACEMENT lpwndpl);

        private const int SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1;
        private const int SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 2;

        private static void SetPlacement(IntPtr windowHandle, string placementXml)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(placementXml))
            {
                return;
            }

            byte[] xmlBytes = Encoding.GetBytes(placementXml);

            try
            {
                WINDOWPLACEMENT placement;
                using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(xmlBytes))
                {
                    placement = (WINDOWPLACEMENT)Serializer.Deserialize(memoryStream);
                }

                placement.length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WINDOWPLACEMENT));
                placement.flags = 0;
                placement.showCmd = (placement.showCmd == SW_SHOWMINIMIZED ? SW_SHOWNORMAL : placement.showCmd);
                SetWindowPlacement(windowHandle, ref placement);
            }
            catch (InvalidOperationException)
            {
                // Parsing placement XML failed. Fail silently.
            }
        }

        private static string GetPlacement(IntPtr windowHandle)
        {
            WINDOWPLACEMENT placement;
            GetWindowPlacement(windowHandle, out placement);

            using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                using (XmlTextWriter xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(memoryStream, Encoding.UTF8))
                {
                    Serializer.Serialize(xmlTextWriter, placement);
                    byte[] xmlBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
                    return Encoding.GetString(xmlBytes);
                }
            }
        }
        public static void ApplyPlacement(this Window window)
        {
            var className = window.GetType().Name;
            try
            {
                var pos = File.ReadAllText(Directory + "\\" + className + ".pos");
                SetPlacement(new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle, pos);
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                Log.Error("Couldn't read position for " + className, exception);
            }

        }

        public static void SavePlacement(this Window window)
        {
            var className = window.GetType().Name;
            var pos =  GetPlacement(new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle);
            try
            {
                File.WriteAllText(Directory + "\\" + className + ".pos", pos);
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                Log.Error("Couldn't write position for " + className, exception);
            }
        }
        private static string Directory => Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);

    }
}

In your code behind you add these two methods

///This method is save the actual position of the window to file "WindowName.pos"
private void ClosingTrigger(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    this.SavePlacement();
}
///This method is load the actual position of the window from the file
protected override void OnSourceInitialized(EventArgs e)
{
    base.OnSourceInitialized(e);
    this.ApplyPlacement();
}

in the xaml window you add this

Closing="ClosingTrigger"

Answer 12

Create a string named WindowXml in your default Settings.

Use this extension method on your Window Loaded and Closing events to restore and save Window size and location.

using YourProject.Properties;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace YourProject.Extensions
{
    public static class WindowExtensions
    {
        public static void SaveSizeAndLocation(this Window w)
        {
            try
            {
                var s = "<W>";
                s += GetNode("Top", w.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized ? w.RestoreBounds.Top : w.Top);
                s += GetNode("Left", w.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized ? w.RestoreBounds.Left : w.Left);
                s += GetNode("Height", w.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized ? w.RestoreBounds.Height : w.Height);
                s += GetNode("Width", w.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized ? w.RestoreBounds.Width : w.Width);
                s += GetNode("WindowState", w.WindowState);
                s += "</W>";

                Settings.Default.WindowXml = s;
                Settings.Default.Save();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
            }
        }

        public static void RestoreSizeAndLocation(this Window w)
        {
            try
            {
                var xd = XDocument.Parse(Settings.Default.WindowXml);
                w.WindowState = (WindowState)Enum.Parse(typeof(WindowState), xd.Descendants("WindowState").FirstOrDefault().Value);
                w.Top = Convert.ToDouble(xd.Descendants("Top").FirstOrDefault().Value);
                w.Left = Convert.ToDouble(xd.Descendants("Left").FirstOrDefault().Value);
                w.Height = Convert.ToDouble(xd.Descendants("Height").FirstOrDefault().Value);
                w.Width = Convert.ToDouble(xd.Descendants("Width").FirstOrDefault().Value);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
            }
        }

        private static string GetNode(string name, object value)
        {
            return string.Format("<{0}>{1}</{0}>", name, value);
        }
    }
}

Answer 13

I'm using the answer from Lance Cleveland and bind the Setting. But i'm using some more Code to avoid that my Window is out of Screen.

private void SetWindowSettingsIntoScreenArea()
{
    // first detect Screen, where we will display the Window
    // second correct bottom and right position
    // then the top and left position.
    // If Size is bigger than current Screen, it's still possible to move and size the Window

    // get the screen to display the window
    var screen = System.Windows.Forms.Screen.FromPoint(new System.Drawing.Point((int)Default.Left, (int)Default.Top));

    // is bottom position out of screen for more than 1/3 Height of Window?
    if (Default.Top + (Default.Height / 3) > screen.WorkingArea.Height)
        Default.Top = screen.WorkingArea.Height - Default.Height;

    // is right position out of screen for more than 1/2 Width of Window?
    if (Default.Left + (Default.Width / 2) > screen.WorkingArea.Width)
        Default.Left = screen.WorkingArea.Width - Default.Width;

    // is top position out of screen?
    if (Default.Top < screen.WorkingArea.Top)
        Default.Top = screen.WorkingArea.Top;

    // is left position out of screen?
    if (Default.Left < screen.WorkingArea.Left)
        Default.Left = screen.WorkingArea.Left;
}

Answer 14

You might like this:

public class WindowStateHelper
{
    public static string ToXml(System.Windows.Window win)
    {
        XElement bounds = new XElement("Bounds");
        if (win.WindowState == System.Windows.WindowState.Maximized)
        {
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Top", win.RestoreBounds.Top));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Left", win.RestoreBounds.Left));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Height", win.RestoreBounds.Height));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Width", win.RestoreBounds.Width));
        }
        else
        {
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Top", win.Top));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Left", win.Left));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Height", win.Height));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Width", win.Width));
        }
        XElement root = new XElement("WindowState",
            new XElement("State", win.WindowState.ToString()),
            new XElement("Visibility", win.Visibility.ToString()),
            bounds);

        return root.ToString();
    }

    public static void FromXml(string xml, System.Windows.Window win)
    {
        try
        {
            XElement root = XElement.Parse(xml);
            string state = root.Descendants("State").FirstOrDefault().Value;
            win.WindowState = (System.Windows.WindowState)Enum.Parse(typeof(System.Windows.WindowState), state);

            state = root.Descendants("Visibility").FirstOrDefault().Value;
            win.Visibility = (System.Windows.Visibility)Enum.Parse(typeof(System.Windows.Visibility), state);

            XElement bounds = root.Descendants("Bounds").FirstOrDefault();
            win.Top = Convert.ToDouble(bounds.Element("Top").Value);
            win.Left = Convert.ToDouble(bounds.Element("Left").Value);
            win.Height = Convert.ToDouble(bounds.Element("Height").Value);
            win.Width = Convert.ToDouble(bounds.Element("Width").Value);
        }
        catch (Exception x)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(x.ToString());
        }
    }
}

When the app closes:

        Properties.Settings.Default.Win1Placement = WindowStateHelper.ToXml(win1);
        Properties.Settings.Default.Win2Placement = WindowStateHelper.ToXml(win2);
        ...

When the app starts:

        WindowStateHelper.FromXml(Properties.Settings.Default.Win1Placement, win1);
        WindowStateHelper.FromXml(Properties.Settings.Default.Win2Placement, win2);
        ...