将数千条记录插入表中的最有效方法是什么（MySQL，Python，Django）

Question

I have a database table with a unique string field and a couple of integer fields. The string field is usually 10-100 characters long.

Once every minute or so I have the following scenario: I receive a list of 2-10 thousand tuples corresponding to the table's record structure, eg

[("hello", 3, 4), ("cat", 5, 3), ...]

I need to insert all these tuples to the table (assume I verified neither of these strings appear in the database). For clarification, I'm using InnoDB, and I have an auto-incremental primary key for this table, the string is not the PK.

My code currently iterates through this list, for each tuple creates a Python module object with the appropriate values, and calls ".save()", something like so:

@transaction.commit_on_success
def save_data_elements(input_list):
    for (s, i1, i2) in input_list:
        entry = DataElement(string=s, number1=i1, number2=i2)
        entry.save()

This code is currently one of the performance bottlenecks in my system, so I'm looking for ways to optimize it.

For example, I could generate SQL codes each containing an INSERT command for 100 tuples ("hard-coded" into the SQL) and execute it, but I don't know if it will improve anything.

Do you have any suggestion to optimize such a process?

Thanks

Answer 1

对MySQL而言，加载数据的最快方法是使用LOAD DATA INFILE ，因此如果您可以将数据转换为期望的格式，那么它可能是将其放入表中的最快方式。

Answer 2

You can write the rows to a file in the format "field1", "field2", .. and then use LOAD DATA to load them

data = '\n'.join(','.join('"%s"' % field for field in row) for row in data)
f= open('data.txt', 'w')
f.write(data)
f.close()

Then execute this:

LOAD DATA INFILE 'data.txt' INTO TABLE db2.my_table;

Reference

Answer 3

If you don't LOAD DATA INFILE as some of the other suggestions mention, two things you can do to speed up your inserts are :

1. Use prepared statements - this cuts out the overhead of parsing the SQL for every insert
2. Do all of your inserts in a single transaction - this would require using a DB engine that supports transactions (like InnoDB)

Answer 4

If you can do a hand-rolled INSERT statement, then that's the way I'd go. A single INSERT statement with multiple value clauses is much much faster than lots of individual INSERT statements.

Answer 5

Regardless of the insert method, you will want to use the InnoDB engine for maximum read/write concurrency. MyISAM will lock the entire table for the duration of the insert whereas InnoDB (under most circumstances) will only lock the affected rows, allowing SELECT statements to proceed.

Answer 6

what format do you receive? if it is a file, you can do some sort of bulk load: http://www.classes.cs.uchicago.edu/archive/2005/fall/23500-1/mysql-load.html

Answer 7

This is unrelated to the actual load of data into the DB, but...

If providing a "The data is loading... The load will be done shortly" type of message to the user is an option, then you can run the INSERTs or LOAD DATA asynchronously in a different thread.

Just something else to consider.

Answer 8

I donot know the exact details, but u can use json style data representation and use it as fixtures or something. I saw something similar on Django Video Workshop by Douglas Napoleone. See the videos at http://www.linux-magazine.com/online/news/django_video_workshop . and http://www.linux-magazine.com/online/features/django_reloaded_workshop_part_1 . Hope this one helps.

Hope you can work it out. I just started learning django, so I can just point you to resources.