Python Tkinter OOP继承

Question

I am trying to inherit some values from one class to a another one. I am using the function super to inherit. Below is a simplfied version of my problem. Thank you for help.

from tkinter import *
import random
class First(object):
    def __init__(self,master):
        super(First, self).__init__(master)
    def random(self):
        self._y = random.randint(11,20)
        self._x = random.randint(1,10)
    def random2(self):
        s = First(root)
        s.random()


class Second(Frame,First):
    def __init__(self,master):
        super(Second, self).__init__(master)
        self.grid()
        self.menuFrame = Frame(self)
        self.create_menu_widgets()
        self.menuFrame.grid()
    def create_menu_widgets(self):
          btnMainMenu = Button(self.menuFrame,font=("consolas",18,"bold"),text="Main Menu")
          btnMainMenu.pack()
    def print(self):
        print(self._y,self._x)



root = Tk()
x = Second(root)
x.random()
x.random2()
x.print()
root.configure(background   = 'green')
root.mainloop()

I keep on getting the error:

super(First, self).__init__(master)
TypeError: object.__init__() takes no parameters

Please help me, I think the problem is where I have s=First(root). Thanks for help.

Answer 1

When you call super on a class that is the highest in your hierarchy it will go object . object is the super class of all objects in Python. So super(First, self).__init__(master) will try to initialize the object not any of your classes. You can see this inheritance using the Class.__mro__ . To figure out what I'm talking about.

And inheriting from object? That happens by default even if you don't specify anything. So I guess you wanted to inherit from Frame as object doesn't make any sense.

So change your code to this and it should be fixed.

from tkinter import *
import random
class First(Frame): # changed here
    def random(self):
        self._y = random.randint(11,20)
        self._x = random.randint(1,10)
    def random2(self):
        s = First(root)
        s.random()


class Second(First): # changed here 
    def __init__(self,master):
        super(Second, self).__init__(master)
        self.grid()
        self.menuFrame = Frame(self)
        self.create_menu_widgets()
        self.menuFrame.grid()
    def create_menu_widgets(self):
          btnMainMenu = Button(self.menuFrame,font=("consolas",18,"bold"),text="Main Menu")
          btnMainMenu.pack()
    def print(self):
        print(self._y,self._x)

root = Tk()
x = Second(root)
x.random()
x.random2()
x.print()
root.configure(background   = 'green') # you cannot see this as your button fills everything
root.mainloop()

Answer 2

I see several issues in your example.

1:

you are assigning Second() to x but then calling x.random() and x.random2() . This will not work as your random methods only exist in the First() class.

2:

Don't name a function, method, variable or attribute the same thing as a built in method. This will cause problems.

Change your def print(self) to something like def my_print(self) or anything that is not exactly print . While we are talking about this print statement you only define self._x and self._y in your First() class but try to print them in your Second() class. This will never work. self is always a reference to the class object and never a reference to a class controller that was passed to the class.

Now I get what you are trying to do here and I will rebuild your code to show how to share information between classes.

You should not use a geometry manager fro inside the Frame class. Instead use it on the class variable name. This will allow you chose between any geometry manager for the class instead of sticking to just one kind.

As Vineeth pointed out you do not use supper for an object class.

The below code will run the Second() class and then when you want to reference the random methods on the First() class you can do so with the new methods I added to Second() . Let me know if you have any questions.

One last change is to import tkinter as tk this will help prevent accidentally overwriting an imported method from tkinter.

Here is a working example of your code:

import tkinter as tk
import random


class First(object):
    def random(self):
        return "From First.Random!", random.randint(11,20), random.randint(1,10)

    def random2(self):
        return "From First.Random2!", self.random()


class Second(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        super(Second, self).__init__(master)
        self.menuFrame = tk.Frame(self)
        self.menuFrame.grid()
        tk.Button(self.menuFrame, font=("consolas", 18, "bold"), text="Main Menu").pack()

    def random(self):
        print(First().random())
    def random2(self):
        print(First().random2())


root = tk.Tk()
root.configure(background='green')

x = Second(root)
x.pack()
x.random()
x.random2()

root.mainloop()