[英]Have a variable with multiple types in Swift
I would like to have a variable, which can have multiple types (only ones, I defined), like: 我想有一个变量,它可以有多种类型(只有我定义的那些),如:
var example: String, Int = 0
example = "hi"
This variable should be able to hold only values of type Int and String. 此变量应该只能包含Int和String类型的值。
Is this possible? 这可能吗?
Thanks for your help ;) 谢谢你的帮助 ;)
protocol StringOrInt { }
extension Int: StringOrInt { }
extension String: StringOrInt { }
var a: StringOrInt = "10"
a = 10 //> 10
a = "q" //> "q"
a = 0.8 //> Error
NB! NB! I would not suggest you to use it in production code.
我不建议你在生产代码中使用它。 It might be confusing for your teammates.
这可能会让你的队友感到困惑。
UPD: as @Martin R mentioned: Note that this restricts the possible types only “by convention.” Any module (or source file) can add a extension MyType: StringOrInt { }
conformance. UPD:正如@Martin R所提到的:请注意,这仅限于“按惯例”限制可能的类型。任何模块(或源文件)都可以添加
extension MyType: StringOrInt { }
一致性。
An “enumeration with associated value” might be what you are looking for: 您正在寻找“具有相关值的枚举”:
enum StringOrInt {
case string(String)
case int(Int)
}
You can either assign a string or an integer: 您可以指定字符串或整数:
var value: StringOrInt
value = .string("Hello")
// ...
value = .int(123)
Retrieving the contents is done with a switch-statement: 使用switch语句检索内容:
switch value {
case .string(let s): print("String:", s)
case .int(let n): print("Int:", n)
}
If you declare conformance to the Equatable
protocol then you can also check values for equality: 如果声明符合
Equatable
协议,那么您还可以检查值是否相等:
enum StringOrInt: Equatable {
case string(String)
case int(Int)
}
let v = StringOrInt.string("Hi")
let w = StringOrInt.int(0)
if v == w { ... }
No, this is not possible for classes, structs, etc. 不,这对于类,结构等是不可能的。
But it is possible for protocols. 但是协议是可能的。
You can this: 你可以这样:
protocol Walker {
func go()
}
protocol Sleeper {
func sleep()
}
var ab = Walker & Sleeper
or even 甚至
struct Person {
var name: String
}
var ab = Person & Walker & Sleeper
But I don't recomment use this way. 但我不建议用这种方式。
More useful this: 更有用的是:
struct Person: Walker, Sleeper {
/// code
}
var ab = Person
You can use Tuple
. 你可以使用
Tuple
。
Example: 例:
let example: (String, Int) = ("hi", 0)
And access each data by index: 并通过索引访问每个数据:
let stringFromExampleTuple = example.0 // "hi"
let intFromtExampleTuple = example.1 // 0
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