如何获取字符串列表并查找名称与列表中的字符串匹配的文件？

Question

I have a list of 600+ numbers, and a directory of 50,000+ files. All of the files are named like this:

99574404682_0.jpg
99574404682_1.jpg
99574437307_0.gif
99574437307_1.gif
99574437307_2.gif
99574449752.jpg
99574457597.jpg
99581722007.gif

I want to copy any file that has a name that matches a number in the list, up to the underscore, and copy to a new directory.

For example if my list contains:

99574404682
99574449752
99581722007

Then the files:

99574404682_0.jpg
99574404682_1.jpg
99574449752.jpg
99581722007.gif

would be copied to a new directory. I am on a Mac using bash 3.2. I am thinking something like python is what I need to use because the list is too large for grep or find but I am not sure. Thanks!

Answer 1

You could iterate through two lists taking item from one based on startswith condition:

files_lst = ['99574404682_0.jpg', '99574404682_1.jpg', '99574437307_0.gif', '99574437307_1.gif', '99574437307_2.gif', '99574449752.jpg', '99574457597.jpg', '99581722007.gif']

lst = [99574404682, 99574449752, 99581722007]

for x in files_lst:
    for y in lst:
        if x.startswith(str(y)):
            print(x)

# 99574404682_0.jpg
# 99574404682_1.jpg
# 99574449752.jpg
# 99581722007.gif

This gets all files that starts with numbers provided in lst .

Answer 2

You can use shutil.copy() to copy your files over from a source to a destination.

from shutil import copy

from os import listdir
from os import makedirs

from os.path import abspath
from os.path import exists
from os.path import splitext

filenames = {'99574404682', '99574449752', '99581722007'}

src_path = # your files
dest_path = # where you want to put them

# make the destination if it doesn't exist
if not exists(dest_path):
    makedirs(dest_path)

# go over each file in src_path
for file in listdir(src_path):

    # If underscore in file
    if "_" in file:
        prefix, *_ = file.split("_")

    # otherwise treat as normal file
    else:
        prefix, _ = splitext(file)

    # only copy if prefix exist in above set
    if prefix in filenames:
        copy(abspath(file), dest_path)

Which results in the following files in dest_path :

99574404682_0.jpg  
99574404682_1.jpg  
99574449752.jpg  
99581722007.gif

I'm not really an expert in bash, but you can try something like this:

#!/bin/bash

declare -a arr=("99574404682" "99574449752" "99581722007")

## Example directories, you can change these
src_path="$PWD/*"
dest_path="$PWD/src"

if [ ! -d "$dest_path" ]; then
    mkdir $dest_path
fi

for f1 in $src_path; do 
    filename=$(basename $f1)
    prefix="${filename%.*}"
    IFS='_' read -r -a array <<< $prefix

    for f2 in "${arr[@]}"; do
        if [ "${array[0]}" == "$f2" ]; then
            cp $f1 $dest_path
        fi
    done
done

Answer 3

using os module and shutil module in python

import os
import shutil

and you can prepare a list contains the match pattern likes

match_pattern=['99574404682','99574449752','99581722007']

then use os.listdir() to get a list which contains the file name in source directory

files_in_source_dir=os.listdir(source_directory_path)

at last copy the matching files

for file in files_in_source_dir:
  if file.split('.')[0] in match_pattern: #using split('.')[0] to get filename without extend name
    shutil.copyfile(source_directory_path+file,target_directory_path+file)