从点击“显示更多”后URL不变的站点中收集数据

Question

I'm trying to scrape all the article links from a site and have I been successful in doing so.

The site page has a Show more button for loading more articles.

I'm using Selenium to click on this button which also works.

The problem is that clicking on Show more doesn't change the URL of the page, therefore I'm being able to scrape only the initial links displayed by default.

Here is the code snip:

def startWebDriver():
    global driver
    options = Options()
    options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = '/home/Downloads/chromedriver_linux64/chromedriver',options=options)

startWebDriver()
count = 0 
s = set()

driver.get('https://www.nytimes.com/search? endDate=20181231&query=trump&sort=best&startDate=20180101')
time.sleep(4)
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="site-content"]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/button')

while(count < 10):
    element.click()
    time.sleep(4)
    count=count+1

url = driver.current_url

I expect to get all article links displayed on the page after clicking on Show More 10 times

Answer 1

Seems like your target resource give us a nice API for their articles.

It will be much easier to use it instead of selenium.

You can open that page in Chrome. Then open Dev Tools -> Network. Click on "Show more" and you can see API request named v2 (looks like it is GraphQL gateway).

Something like

{
    "operationName":"SearchRootQuery",
    "variables":{
        "first":10,
        "sort":"best",
        "beginDate":"20180101",
        "endDate":"20181231",
        "text":"trump" ...
}}

You can mimic that request but ask as many "first" articles as you want.

EDIT :

You can right-click in DevTools and select "copy as cURL". Then paste it to your terminal. So you can see how it works.

After that you can use library like requests to do it from your code.

Answer 2

Here is a mimic of a POST request using API info as I see in network tab. I have stripped back to headers that seems to be required.

import requests
url = 'https://samizdat-graphql.nytimes.com/graphql/v2'
headers = {
         'nyt-app-type': 'project-vi',
         'nyt-app-version': '0.0.3',
         'nyt-token': 'MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAlYOpRoYg5X01qAqNyBDM32EI/E77nkFzd2rrVjhdi/VAZfBIrPayyYykIIN+d5GMImm3wg6CmTTkBo7ixmwd7Xv24QSDpjuX0gQ1eqxOEWZ0FHWZWkh4jfLcwqkgKmfHJuvOctEiE/Wic5Qrle323SMDKF8sAqClv8VKA8hyrXHbPDAlAaxq3EPOGjJqpHEdWNVg2S0pN62NSmSudT/ap/BqZf7FqsI2cUxv2mUKzmyy+rYwbhd8TRgj1kFprNOaldrluO4dXjubJIY4qEyJY5Dc/F03sGED4AiGBPVYtPh8zscG64yJJ9Njs1ReyUCSX4jYmxoZOnO+6GfXE0s2xQIDAQAB'
}

data = '''
{"operationName":"SearchRootQuery","variables":{"first":10,"sort":"best","beginDate":"20180101","text":"trump","cursor":"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjk="},"extensions":{"persistedQuery":{"version":1,"sha256Hash":"d2895d5a5d686528b9b548f018d7d0c64351ad644fa838384d94c35c585db813"}}}
'''
with requests.Session() as r:
    re = r.post(url, headers = headers, data = data)
    print(re.json())

Answer 3

To scrape all the article links ie the href attributes from the URL clicking on the link with text as SHOW MORE you can use the following solution:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:\Utility\BrowserDrivers\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("https://www.nytimes.com/search?%20endDate=20181231&query=trump&sort=best&startDate=20180101")
myLength = len(WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//main[@id='site-content']//figure[@class='css-rninck toneNews']//following::a[1]"))))

while True:
    driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
    try:
        WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//button[text()='Show More']"))).click()
        WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(lambda driver: len(driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//main[@id='site-content']//figure[@class='css-rninck toneNews']//following::a[1]")) > myLength)
        titles = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//main[@id='site-content']//figure[@class='css-rninck toneNews']//following::a[1]")
        myLength = len(titles)
    except TimeoutException:
        break

for title in titles:
    print(title.get_attribute("href"))
driver.quit()