“ user_id”列中的空值违反了非空约束Django形式

Question

Trying to implement a file upload for a user profile page. I am recieving the following error:

null value in column "user_id" violates not-null constraint DETAIL: Failing row contains (35, profile/{now:%Y/%m/YmdHMSext_xg2iZ6M, null, null).

I've read that it probably has something to do with the User_ID, I tried passing form.user = request.user, but that didn't work. There are also two nulls, not just one.

Models.py

class User(AbstractUser):
    # First Name and Last Name do not cover name patterns
    # around the globe.
    name = models.CharField(_('Name of User'), blank=True, 
    max_length=255)
    #accepted_terms_of_service = models.Booleanfield()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('users:detail', kwargs={'username': 
self.username})

# Profile Image
def upload_to(instance, filename):
    now = timezone_now()
    base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
    ext = ext.lower()
    return "profile/{now:%Y/%m/%Y%m%d%H%M%S}{ext}"

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, 
on_delete='CASCADE', related_name='user_profile')
    school = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(_("Picture"), upload_to=upload_to, 
null=True, blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.username

views.py

@login_required
def add_image(request):
     form = ProfileImageForm()
     #form.user = request.user
     if request.method == "POST":
         form = ProfileImageForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
     if form.is_valid():
         form.save()
         return redirect('userPage')
     else:
         return render(request, "users/user_image_form.html", {"form": form
        })

forms.py

class ProfileImageForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ["image"]

Answer 1

This is because in your Profile model you add user column as ForeignKey which enforce to NOT NULL so the error throw. To solve this you need to modify add_image method something like this

@login_required
def add_image(request):
     form = ProfileImageForm()
     #form.user = request.user
     if request.method == "POST":
         form = ProfileImageForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
     if form.is_valid():
         form = form.save(commit=False) # change is here
         form.user=request.user.pk # change is here
         form.save()
         return redirect('userPage')
     else:
         return render(request, "users/user_image_form.html", {"form": form

The request.user.pk value get if you are logged in. But if you are logged in you need to assisn form.user = your_specified_id which id exists in User table. If your case is, you are admin and you need to add an image to other users, so that you need to pass the user id in your add_image method.

Add in ProfileImageForm.py add user in field list

Answer 2

I think its not necessary to have both Profile Model and Custom User Model . Because, as you are customizing the User model already, why not put Profile model's fields to User model as well. You can approach like this:

# model

def upload_to(instance, filename):
    now = timezone_now()
    base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
    ext = ext.lower()
    return "profile/{now:%Y/%m/%Y%m%d%H%M%S}{ext}"


class User(AbstractUser):
    name = models.CharField(_('Name of User'), blank=True, 
    max_length=255)
    school = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(_("Picture"), upload_to=upload_to, 
                              null=True, blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('users:detail', kwargs={'username': 
self.username})

# views

@login_required
def add_image(request):
     form = ProfileImageForm(data=request.POST or None, file=request.FILES or None, instance=request.user)
     if request.method == "POST":

        if form.is_valid():
             form.save()
             return redirect('userPage')

     return render(request, "users/user_image_form.html", {"form": form
        })

# forms.py

class ProfileImageForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ["image"]

Update

You can create a post_save signal, which will create a Profile Instance after each User is created.

def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):

    if created:
        profile = Profile(user=instance)
        profile.save()

post_save.connect(create_user_profile,
                  sender=User,
                  dispatch_uid="profilecreation-signal")

Now in your form, you can directly pass this Profile instance:

@login_required
def add_image(request):
     form = ProfileImageForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES, instance=request.user.profile)

     if request.method == "POST":
         if form.is_valid():
             form.save()
             return redirect('userPage')
     else:
         return render(request, "users/user_image_form.html", {"form": form
        })

For existing user, you can create Profile from shell:

for user in User.objects.all():
    Profile.objects.get_or_create(user=user)