Linux bash如何在复制命令中使用通配符的结果作为文件名

Question

I'm writing a Linux script to copy files from a folder structure in to one folder. I want to use a varying folder name as the prefix of the file name.

My current script looks like this. But, I can't seem to find a way to use the folder name from the wildcard as the file name;

for f in /usr/share/storage/*/log/myfile.log*; do cp "$f" /myhome/docs/log/myfile.log; done

My existing folder structure/files as follows and I want the files copied as;

>/usr/share/storage/100/log/myfile.log    -->    /myhome/docs/log/100.log
>/usr/share/storage/100/log/myfile.log.1  -->    /myhome/docs/log/100.log.1
>/usr/share/storage/102/log/myfile.log    -->    /myhome/docs/log/102.log
>/usr/share/storage/103/log/myfile.log    -->    /myhome/docs/log/103.log
>/usr/share/storage/103/log/myfile.log.1  -->    /myhome/docs/log/103.log.1
>/usr/share/storage/103/log/myfile.log.2  -->    /myhome/docs/log/103.log.2

Answer 1

You could use a regular expression match to extract the desired component, but it is probably easier to simply change to /usr/share/storage so that the desired component is always the first one on the path.

Once you do that, it's a simple matter of using various parameter expansion operators to extract the parts of paths and file names that you want to use.

cd /usr/share/storage
for f in */log/myfile.log*; do
    pfx=${f%%/*}  # 100, 102, etc
    dest=$(basename "$f")
    dest=$pfx.${dest#*.}
    cp -- "$f" /myhome/docs/log/"$pfx.${dest#*.}"
done

Answer 2

One option is to wrap the for loop in another loop:

for d in /usr/share/storage/*; do
    dir="$(basename "$d")"

    for f in "$d"/log/myfile.log*; do
        file="$(basename "$f")"
        # test we found a file - glob might fail
        [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /home/docs/log/"${dir}.${file}"
    done
done

Answer 3

for f in /usr/share/storage/*/log/myfile.log*; do cp "$f" "$(echo $f | sed -re 's%^/usr/share/storage/([^/]*)/log/myfile(\.log.*)$%/myhome/docs/log/\1\2%')"; done