从文件中捕获用逗号分隔的带引号的字符串

Question

let's say I want to take an input from a file like this :-

"8313515769001870,GRKLK,03/2023,eatcp,btlzg"
"6144115684794523,ZEATL,10/2033,arnne,drrfd"

for a structure I made as follows

typedef struct{
char Card_Number[20];
char Bank_Code[6];
char Expiry_Date[8];
char First_Name[30];
char Last_Name[30];
}Card;

This is my attempt to read the input from a file named 'file' in the reading mode, the str in fgets is storing the right string but it isn't getting absorbed c[i]:

FILE * fptr;
int count=0;
fptr= fopen("file","r");
Card *c = (Card*)calloc(10,sizeof(Card));
printf("StartAlloc\n");
int i=0;
char str[1000];
fgets(str,80,fptr);
if(fptr==NULL)
{return 0;}
do{
     sscanf(str,"\"%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%[^,]\" \n",c[i].Card_Number,c[i].Bank_Code,c[i].Expiry_Date,c[i].First_Name,c[i].Last_Name);
i++;

}while(fgets(str,80,fptr)!=NULL);

I do not understand why the regex %[^,] is not capturing the individual elements, I have wasted a lot of time, and help would be greatly appreciated.

Answer 1

The last token doesn't end with a ',' , so you can't use %[^,] for it. It is however followed by a '\\"' , so you can use %[^\\"] instead :

sscanf(str,"\"%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%[^\"]\" \n",c[i].Card_Number,c[i].Bank_Code,c[i].Expiry_Date,c[i].First_Name,c[i].Last_Name);

Answer 2

If you just need to read from the file, you could just use fscanf() instead of reading from file to a character array and then use sscanf() for that string.

And you needn't explicitly type cast the return value of calloc() . See is it necessary to type-cast malloc and calloc .

---

You are doing

if(fptr==NULL)
{return 0;}

after you tried to read from the file. If the file couldn't be opened the program would crash well before the control reaches this if statement.

Place this check right after opening the file like

FILE *fptr = fopen("file", "r");
if(fptr==NULL)
{
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
}

and return value 0 is usually taken to mean success. Since input file not being found is an error, try returning EXIT_FAILURE instead.

---

And in the last %[^,]" in the format string of sscanf function in your program, there is no comma for the last entry of each line in the input file. So change it to read till the last "` is found.

Also, at the end of the format string, there's a space followed by a \\n . The \\n is redundant here as a space will match " One white-space character in format-string matches any combination of white-space characters in the input "

So the final format string could be

"\"%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%[^\"]\" "

And don't forget to close the files you've opened and free the memory you've allocated before the end of the program like

free(c); //for the Card pointer
fclose(fptr);

Answer 3

Using fscanf() with the proper format you can retrieve the desired elements from each line :

"\"%[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^\"]%*c\n" 

With the previous format, the opening quote is ignored ( \\" ), and the strings separated by commas are captured ( %[^,]%*c ). Finally the the closing quote is discarded ( %[^\\"]%*c ), and the line break considered ( \\n ), to let next line to be read.

This is how you can integrate it in your code :

while (fscanf(file, "\"%[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^\"]%*c\n", c[i].Card_Number, c[i].Bank_Code, c[i].Expiry_Date, c[i].First_Name, c[i].Last_Name) != -1 ) i++;

Complete code snippet for testing purposes :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct{
    char Card_Number[20];
    char Bank_Code[6];
    char Expiry_Date[8];
    char First_Name[30];
    char Last_Name[30];
}Card;

int main(){
    FILE *file;
    file = fopen("data.csv", "r");
    int i=0;
    Card *c = (Card*)calloc(10,sizeof(Card));

    while (fscanf(file, "\"%[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^,]%*c %[^\"]%*c\n", c[i].Card_Number, c[i].Bank_Code, c[i].Expiry_Date, c[i].First_Name, c[i].Last_Name) != -1 ) {
        printf("%s | %s | %s | %s | %s \n", c[i].Card_Number, c[i].Bank_Code, c[i].Expiry_Date, c[i].First_Name, c[i].Last_Name);
        i++;
    }
    fclose(file);
    return 0;
}