如何在Keras中将损失函数指定为二次加权kappa？

Question

My understanding is that keras requires loss functions to have the signature:

def custom_loss(y_true, y_pred):

I am trying to use sklearn.metrics.cohen_kappa_score , which takes (y1, y2, labels=None, weights=None, sample_weight=None)`

If I use it as is:

model.compile(loss=metrics.cohen_kappa_score,
              optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])

Then the weights won't be set. I want to set that to quadtratic . Is there some what to pass this through?

Answer 1

There are two steps in implementing a parameterized custom loss function ( cohen_kappa_score ) in Keras. Since there are implemented function for your needs, there is no need for you to implement it yourself. However, according to TensorFlow Documentation , sklearn.metrics.cohen_kappa_score does not support weighted matrix. Therefore, I suggest TensorFlow's implementation of cohen_kappa. However, using TensorFlow in Keras is not that easy... According to this Question , they used control_dependencies to use a TensorFlow metric in Keras. Here is a example:

import keras.backend as K
def _cohen_kappa(y_true, y_pred, num_classes, weights=None, metrics_collections=None, updates_collections=None, name=None):
   kappa, update_op = tf.contrib.metrics.cohen_kappa(y_true, y_pred, num_classes, weights, metrics_collections, updates_collections, name)
   K.get_session().run(tf.local_variables_initializer())
   with tf.control_dependencies([update_op]):
      kappa = tf.identity(kappa)
   return kappa

Since Keras loss functions take (y_true, y_pred) as parameters, you need a wrapper function that returns another function. Here is some code:

def cohen_kappa_loss(num_classes, weights=None, metrics_collections=None, updates_collections=None, name=None):
   def cohen_kappa(y_true, y_pred):
      return -_cohen_kappa(y_true, y_pred, num_classes, weights, metrics_collections, updates_collections, name)
   return cohen_kappa

Finally, you can use it as follows in Keras:

# get the loss function and set parameters
model_cohen_kappa = cohen_kappa_loss(num_classes=3,weights=weights)
# compile model
model.compile(loss=model_cohen_kappa,
          optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])

Regarding using the Cohen-Kappa metric as a loss function. In general it is possible to use weighted kappa as a loss function. Here is a paper using weighted kappa as a loss function for multi-class classification.

Answer 2

You can define it as a custom loss and yes you are right that keras accepts only two arguments in the loss function. Here is how you can define your loss:

def get_cohen_kappa(weights=None):
    def cohen_kappa_score(y_true, y_pred):
        """
        Define your code here. You can now use `weights` directly
        in this function
        """
        return score
    return cohen_kappa_score

Now you can pass this function to your model as:

model.compile(loss=get_cohen_kappa_score(weights=weights),
              optimizer='adam')
model.fit(...)