Python Turtle 碰撞帮助和更新分数/生命

Question

I am working on a scrolling game that uses multiple turtles. The player turtle moves on the Y-Axis on key commands. While the Harm and Benefits move across the X-Axis then looping around and changing Y-Axis position. I have tried defining a function called colliding() that can test if the player and benefit turtles collide. Can someone help with the collision function? And I also have a question on how, after detecting collision, to change the value of the player score? I think I have figured this out: I used player['lives']+=1 . But this doesn't change because -- is something wrong with my collision function or loop?

import turtle
import random
import math

#The list of the turtles being used
t = turtle.Turtle()
Harm1 = turtle.Turtle()       
Harm2 = turtle.Turtle()
Ben = turtle.Turtle()
player1 = turtle.Turtle()

#Screen Specifications
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(500,500)
screen.bgcolor('darkgray')
Harm1.tracer(0)
Harm2.tracer(0)
Ben.tracer(0)
player1.tracer(0)


#Character dictionary
player ={"type":'Player',"x" : -200,"y" : 0,"size" : 20,"speed" : 10,
"color" : "green","Lives":3,"Score":0}

harm = {"type":'Harm',"x" : -200,"y" : 0,"size" : 30,"speed" : 6,
"color" : "red",}

benefit = {"type":'Benefit',"x" : -200,"y" : 0,"size" : 15,"speed":6,
"color" : "yellow",}

#These can change when collision happens
lives = player['Lives']
score = player['Score']

#These are the keys that let the player move up/down
def move_up():
  player['y']+=player['speed']
  return
def move_down():
  player['y']-= player['speed']

#Player gets info from dictionary
def draw_player():
  player1.clear()
  player1.penup()
  player1.goto(player["x"], player["y"])  
  player1.pendown()
  player1.color(player["color"])
  player1.begin_fill()
  player1.circle(player["size"])
  player1.end_fill()
  #if player1(player['y']) > 250 or player1(player['y']) < -250:
     #player1.sety(player['y'])
  player1.update()
  player1.hideturtle()
screen.listen()
screen.onkey(move_up, 'up')
screen.onkey(move_down, 'down')

def draw_harms():
  Harm1.clear()
  Harm1.color(harm['color'])
  Harm1.begin_fill()
  Harm1.circle(harm['size'])
  Harm1.end_fill()
  Harm1.update()
  Harm1.setx(Harm1.xcor()-(harm['speed']))
  if (Harm1.xcor() < -260 ): #This part of the code makes the object comeback.
     Harm1.setx(260)
     Harm1.sety(random.randint(-160,160)) #This makes the object change Y cor
  Harm1.hideturtle()
  Harm2.clear()
  Harm2.color(harm['color'])
  Harm2.begin_fill()
  Harm2.circle(harm['size'])
  Harm2.end_fill()
  Harm2.update()
  Harm2.setx(Harm2.xcor()-(harm['speed']))
  if (Harm2.xcor() < -260 ): #This part of the code makes the object comeback.
     Harm2.setx(220)
     Harm2.sety(random.randint(-160,160)) #This makes the object change Y cor
  Harm2.hideturtle()

def draw_benefit():
  Ben.clear()
  Ben.color(benefit['color'])
  Ben.begin_fill()
  Ben.circle(benefit['size'])
  Ben.end_fill()
  Ben.update()
  Ben.setx(Ben.xcor()-(benefit['speed']))
  if (Ben.xcor() < -260 ): #This part of the code makes the object comeback.
     Ben.setx(220)
     Ben.sety(random.randint(-160,160)) #This makes the object change Y cor
  Ben.hideturtle()   


#This Keeps the score and Lives
def draw_title_name(): #This writes the title on the screen
  t.penup()
  t.goto(-210,-200)
  t.pendown()
  t.write(("Score:", score),font=("Arial", 18, "normal"))
  t.penup()
  t.goto(-210,-223)
  t.pendown()
  t.write(('Lives:',lives),font=('Arial',18,'normal'))
  t.hideturtle()
  return


def colliding(player,benefit):
  collision_detected = False;
  var_dx = player['x'] - benefit['x']
  var_dy = player['y'] - benefit['y']
  distance = math.sqrt(var_dx * var_dx + var_dy * var_dy)
  if (distance < player['radius']+ benefit['radius']):
    collision_detected = True;
  return collision_detected



while lives > 0: #ANIMATION LOOP
  draw_player()
  draw_harms()
  draw_benefit()
  draw_title_name()
  if colliding == True:
    player['lives'] += 1 This changes the lives in the player Dict






  if lives == 0:
    clearscreen
    #Finish with a gameover screen!

Answer 1

Your code is a disaster, there are any number of bits of logic in it that will keep it from running. To address your question, turtle has it's own distance() method to measure the distance between turtles or turtles and positions. Using that, your colliding() method could be as simple as:

def colliding(player, benefit):
    return player.distance(benefit) < player_dict['size'] + benefit_dict['size']

if you were to actually call your colliding() method, which you don't, as @Hoog points out. Other showstoppers in this code:

if (distance < player['radius']+ benefit['radius']):

The radius properties are never defined.

var_dx = player['x'] - benefit['x']

Although player's x position is updated in the dictionary, benefit's isn't, so this will never work.

player['lives'] += 1 This changes the lives in the player Dict

Missing comment character.

clearscreen

What is this? Probably should be screen.clearscreen() .

collision_detected = False;
...
collision_detected = True;

semicolons in Python are usually a sign that things aren't going well.

Harm1 = turtle.Turtle()       
Harm2 = turtle.Turtle()
Ben = turtle.Turtle()
player1 = turtle.Turtle()
...
Harm1.tracer(0)
Harm2.tracer(0)
Ben.tracer(0)
player1.tracer(0)

Turtle instances don't respond to the tracer() method. Screen instances do.

player1.update()
Harm1.update()
Harm2.update()
Ben.update()

Ditto for update() . And so forth.

Below is my rework of your code to make it basically run:

from turtle import Screen, Turtle
from random import randint

FONT = ('Arial', 18, 'normal')
CURSOR_SIZE = 20

# Character dictionaries
player_dict = {'type': 'Player', 'x': -200, 'y': 0, 'radius': 20, 'speed':10, 'color': 'green', 'lives': 3, 'score': 0}

harm_dict = {'type': 'Harm', 'x': 0, 'y': 0, 'radius' : 30, 'speed': 6, 'color': 'red'}

benefit_dict = {'type': 'Benefit', 'x': 0, 'y': 0, 'radius': 15, 'speed': 6, 'color': 'yellow'}

# These are the keys that let the player move up/down
def move_up():
    player_dict['y'] += player_dict['speed']

def move_down():
    player_dict['y'] -= player_dict['speed']

# Player gets info from dictionary
def draw_player():
    player1.sety(player_dict['y'])

def draw_harms():
    harm1.forward(harm_dict['speed'])

    if harm1.xcor() < -250 - harm_dict['radius']:  # This part of the code makes the object come back.
        harm1.hideturtle()
        harm1.setx(250 + harm_dict['radius'])
        harm1.sety(randint(-160, 160))  # This makes the object change Y coordinate
        harm1.showturtle()

    harm2.forward(harm_dict['speed'])

    if harm2.xcor() < -250 - harm_dict['radius']:  # This part of the code makes the object comeback.
        harm2.hideturtle()
        harm2.setx(250 + harm_dict['radius'])
        harm2.sety(randint(-160, 160))  # This makes the object change Y coordinate
        harm2.showturtle()

def draw_benefit():
    ben.forward(benefit_dict['speed'])

    if ben.xcor() < -250 - benefit_dict['radius']:  # This part of the code makes the object comeback.
        ben.hideturtle()
        ben.setx(250 + benefit_dict['radius'])
        ben.sety(randint(-160, 160))  # This makes the object change Y coordinate
        ben.showturtle()

# This Keeps the score and Lives
def draw_lives():
    lives.undo()
    lives.write("Lives: {}".format(player_dict['lives']), font=FONT)

def draw_score():
    score.undo()
    score.write("Score: {}".format(player_dict['score']), font=FONT)

def colliding(player, benefit):
    return player.distance(benefit) < player_dict['radius'] + benefit_dict['radius']

# Screen Specifications
screen = Screen()
screen.setup(500, 500)
screen.bgcolor('darkgray')

# The list of the turtles being used
t = Turtle(visible=False)
t.penup()

harm1 = Turtle('circle', visible=False)
harm1.color(harm_dict['color'])
harm1.shapesize(harm_dict['radius'] * 2 / CURSOR_SIZE)
harm1.penup()
harm1.setx(250 + harm_dict['radius'])
harm1.sety(randint(-160, 160))
harm1.setheading(180)
harm1.showturtle()

harm2 = Turtle('circle', visible=False)
harm2.color(harm_dict['color'])
harm2.shapesize(harm_dict['radius'] * 2 / CURSOR_SIZE)
harm2.penup()
harm2.setx(250 + harm_dict['radius'])
harm2.sety(randint(-160, 160))
harm2.setheading(180)
harm2.showturtle()

ben = Turtle('circle', visible=False)
ben.color(benefit_dict['color'])
ben.shapesize(benefit_dict['radius'] * 2 / CURSOR_SIZE)
ben.penup()
ben.setx(250 + benefit_dict['radius'])
ben.sety(randint(-160, 160))
ben.setheading(180)
ben.showturtle()

player1 = Turtle('circle', visible=False)
player1.color(player_dict['color'])
player1.shapesize(player_dict['radius'] * 2 / CURSOR_SIZE)
player1.penup()
player1.goto(player_dict['x'], player_dict['y'])
player1.showturtle()

score = Turtle(visible=False)
score.penup()
score.goto(-210, -200)
score.write("Score: {}".format(player_dict['score']), font=FONT)

lives = Turtle(visible=False)
lives.penup()
lives.goto(-210, -223)
lives.write("Lives: {}".format(player_dict['lives']), font=FONT)

screen.onkey(move_up, 'Up')
screen.onkey(move_down, 'Down')
screen.listen()

def move():
    draw_player()
    draw_harms()
    draw_benefit()
    # draw_score()

    if colliding(player1, ben):
        player_dict['lives'] += 1  # This increases the lives in the player dictionary
        ben.hideturtle()
        ben.setx(250 + benefit_dict['radius'])
        ben.sety(randint(-160, 160))
        ben.showturtle()
        draw_lives()

    if colliding(player1, harm1):
        player_dict['lives'] -= 1  # This decreases the lives in the player dictionary
        harm1.hideturtle()
        harm1.setx(250 + harm_dict['radius'])
        harm1.sety(randint(-160, 160))
        harm1.showturtle()
        draw_lives()

    if colliding(player1, harm2):
        player_dict['lives'] -= 1
        harm2.hideturtle()
        harm2.setx(250 + harm_dict['radius'])
        harm2.sety(randint(-160, 160))
        harm2.showturtle()
        draw_lives()

    if player_dict['lives'] == 0:
        screen.clearscreen()
        # Finish with a gameover screen!
        return

    if player_dict['lives'] > 0:
        screen.ontimer(move, 75)

move()
screen.mainloop()

It still needs a lot of work, however.

Answer 2

Pygame has a built in collision detection algorithm rect.colliderect() which might help you out.

For your code the issue seems to be this line if colliding == True: you never set the variable colliding, perhaps you meant to call the function with something like: if colliding(Player1,Ben1) == True: