不兼容的指针类型和返回值使整数无强制转换问题

Question

I'm attempting to create a knapsack program out of the use of linked list but ive run into an issue that i can quite figure out. In nearly all of my functions im getting this error on the same line of an incompatible pointer type and i'm confused on how to fix it. The other issue im running into is a return makes integer from pointer without a cast errors. Full code and errors below. The error lies in the knapsack.c file, test_knapsack.c is just given for a main function example for testing purposes.

ERRORS

knapsack.c: In function ‘KnapsackRemove’:
knapsack.c:37:16: warning: return makes integer from pointer without a cast [-Wint-conversion]
         return NULL;
                ^
knapsack.c:47:29: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
                     knapsack=(*present)->next;

knapsack.c:59:12: warning: return makes integer from pointer without a cast [-Wint-conversion]
     return *knapsack;
            ^
knapsack.c: In function ‘KnapsackPrint’:
knapsack.c:69:17: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
             temp=(*temp)->next;
                 ^
knapsack.c: In function ‘KnapsackItemCount’:
knapsack.c:82:13: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
         temp=(*temp)-> next;
             ^
knapsack.c: In function ‘KnapsackSize’:
knapsack.c:94:13: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
         temp=(*temp)-> next;

knapsack.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "knapsack.h"
#include <stdlib.h>

listitemptr KnapsackAdd(listitemptr *knapsack, int item){
    if(knapsack == NULL){
        listitemptr newer = (listitemptr)malloc(sizeof(listitemptr));
        newer-> item = item;
        newer-> count = 1;
        newer-> next = NULL;
        return newer;
    }else{
        listitemptr *temp = knapsack;
        listitemptr previous = NULL;
        while(temp!= NULL){
            if((*temp)->item == item){
                (*temp)->count=(*temp)->count+1;
                break;
            }
            previous = *temp;
            *temp = (*temp)->next;
        }
        if(temp == NULL){
            listitemptr newer = (listitemptr)malloc(sizeof(listitemptr));
            newer->item = item;
            newer->count =1;
            newer->next = NULL;
            previous->next = newer;
            return newer;
        }
        return *temp;
    }
}

int KnapsackRemove(listitemptr *knapsack, int item){
    if(knapsack==NULL)
        return NULL;
    listitemptr *present = knapsack;
    listitemptr previous = NULL;

    while(present != NULL){
        if((*present)->item == item){
            if((*present)-> count > 1){
                (*present)->count=(*present)->count-1;
            }else{
                if(previous==NULL){
                    knapsack=(*present)->next;
                }else{
                    previous->next=(*present)->next;
                    free(present);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        previous=*present;
        *present=(*present)->next;
    }

    return *knapsack;
}

void KnapsackPrint(const listitemptr *knapsack){
    if(knapsack == NULL)
        printf("(nothing)\n");
    else{
       const listitemptr *temp = knapsack;
        while(temp!= NULL){
            printf("%d (%d), ",(*temp)->item, (*temp)->count);
            temp=(*temp)->next;
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

unsigned int KnapsackItemCount(const listitemptr *knapsack, int item){
    if(knapsack== NULL)
        return 0;
    const listitemptr *temp = knapsack;
    while(temp != NULL){
        if((*temp)-> item== item)
            return (*temp)-> count;
        temp=(*temp)-> next;
    }
    return 0;
}

unsigned int KnapsackSize(const listitemptr *knapsack){
    if(knapsack == NULL)
        return 0;
   const listitemptr *temp = knapsack;
    unsigned int sum = 0;
    while(temp!= NULL){
        sum+= (*temp)-> count;
        temp=(*temp)-> next;
    }
    return sum;
}

knapsack.h

/* knapsack.h
 * implements simple knapsack data structure as a linked list 
 * NOTE: a function may update the value of input argument *knapsack if it changes the first node of the knapsack to another node. Such a change include the case when an item is added to an empty knapsack
 */

typedef struct listitem* listitemptr;


struct listitem {
  int item;           // actual int item
  unsigned int count; // number of the same item in the knapsack; should be >= 1
  listitemptr next;   // pointer to next item 
};


listitemptr KnapsackAdd(listitemptr *knapsack, int item);


int KnapsackRemove(listitemptr *knapsack, int item);


void KnapsackPrint(const listitemptr *knapsack);


unsigned int KnapsackItemCount(const listitemptr *knapsack, int item);


unsigned int KnapsackSize(const listitemptr *knapsack);

test_knapsack.c

#include "knapsack.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>

int main(){
   //knapsack k1
   listitemptr head=KnapsackAdd(NULL,10);
   KnapsackAdd(&head,-20);
   KnapsackAdd(&head,10);
   KnapsackAdd(&head,15);
   KnapsackAdd(&head,-20);
   KnapsackAdd(&head,10);

   KnapsackPrint(&head);

   int count=KnapsackItemCount(&head,10);
   assert(count==3);

   count=KnapsackItemCount(&head,8);
   assert(count==0);

   count=KnapsackSize(&head);
   assert(count==6);

   //knapsack2
   listitemptr head2=KnapsackAdd(NULL,5);
   KnapsackAdd(&head2,10);
   KnapsackAdd(&head2,15);
   KnapsackAdd(&head2,20);
   KnapsackAdd(&head2,-5);


   KnapsackPrint(&head2);

   KnapsackRemove(&head2,15);
   count=KnapsackSize(&head2);
   assert(count==4);

   count=KnapsackItemCount(&head2,15);
   assert(count==0);

   KnapsackRemove(&head2,10);
   count=KnapsackSize(&head2);
   assert(count==3);

   KnapsackAdd(&head,10);

   count=KnapsackSize(&head2);
   assert(count==3);

   count=KnapsackSize(&head);
   assert(count==7);   


   return 0;
   }

Answer 1

Regarding the warning -

knapsack.c:37:16: warning: return makes integer from pointer without a cast [-Wint-conversion]
     return NULL;

The definition of NULL is compiler dependent, probably in your compiler NULL is defined as (void*)0 , therefore you are trying to return a pointer but your function is defined as int KnapsackRemove(...) so it expects an int value to be returned.

Regarding -

knapsack.c:59:12: warning: return makes integer from pointer without a cast [-Wint-conversion]
 return *knapsack;

You are trying to return a listitemptr type from a function returning an int.

regarding the other warnings, you are trying to assign listitemptr to a listitemptr* type. (*present)->next is of type listitemptr and knapsack is of type listitemptr* .

Answer 2

Looking at the line

temp=(*temp)->next;

temp is defined as const listitemptr *temp , meaning its type is const listitemptr * .

To find the type of (*temp)->next , we can look at its pieces. We already know temp is a const listitemptr * , so de-referencing it results in a listitemptr .

Looking at your source, we can then find the type of next ,

struct listitem {
  listitemptr next;   // pointer to next item 
};

now we can see that next , and therefore (*temp)->next , has the type listitemptr .

So you are assigning a listitemptr to a const listitemptr * .

It looks like most of these errors are caused by confusing listitemptr for a pointer to listitemptr* .