Pandas：如何解决“错误标记数据”？

Question

A lot of questions have been already asked about this topic on SO . (and many others). Among the numerous answers, none of them was really helpful to me so far. If I missed the useful one, please let me know.

I simply would like to read a CSV file with pandas into a dataframe. Sounds like a simple task.

My file Test.csv

1,2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6
,,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
,2,,4

My code:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('Test.csv',header=None)

My error:

pandas.errors.ParserError: Error tokenizing data. C error: Expected 5 fields in line 2, saw 6

My guess about the issue is that Pandas looks to the first line and expects the same number of tokens in the following rows. If this is not the case it will stop with an error.

In the numerous answers, the suggestions for using options are, eg: error_bad_lines=False or header=None or skiprows=3 and more non-helpful suggestions.

However, I don't want to ignore any lines or skip. And I don't know in advance how many columns and rows the datafile has.

So it basically boils down to how to find the maximum number of columns in the datafile. Is this the way to go? I hoped that there was an easy way to simply read a CSV file which does not have the maximum column number in the first line. Thank you for any hints. I'm using Python 3.6.3, Pandas 0.24.1 on Win7.

Answer 1

Thank you @ALollz for the "very fresh" link (lucky coincidence) and @Rich Andrews for pointing out that my example actually is not "strictly correct" CSV data.

So, the way it works for me for the time being is adapted from @ALollz' compact solution ( https://stackoverflow.com/a/55129746/7295599 )

### reading an "incorrect" CSV to dataframe having a variable number of columns/tokens 
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('Test.csv', header=None, sep='\n')
df = df[0].str.split(',', expand=True)
# ... do some modifications with df
### end of code

df contains empty string '' for the missing entries at the beginning and the middle, and None for the missing tokens at the end.

   0  1  2  3     4     5     6
0  1  2  3  4     5  None  None
1  1  2  3  4     5     6  None
2        3  4     5  None  None
3  1  2  3  4     5     6     7
4     2     4  None  None  None

If you write this again to a file via:

df.to_csv("Test.tab",sep="\\t",header=False,index=False)

1   2   3   4   5       
1   2   3   4   5   6   
        3   4   5       
1   2   3   4   5   6   7
    2       4           

None will be converted to empty string '' and everything is fine.

The next level would be to account for data strings in quotes which contain the separator, but that's another topic.

1,2,3,4,5
,,3,"Hello, World!",5,6
1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Answer 2

In my case 1 I opened the *.csv in Excel 2 I saved the *.csv as CSV (comma-delimited) 3 I loaded the file in python via:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('yourcsvfile.csv', sep=',')

Hope it helps!

Answer 3

Read the csv using the tolerant python csv module, and fix the loaded file prior to handing it off to pandas, which will fails on the otherwise malformed csv data regardless of the csv engine pandas uses.

import pandas as pd
import csv

not_csv = """1,2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6
,,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
,2,,4
"""

with open('not_a.csv', 'w') as csvfile:
    csvfile.write(not_csv)

d = []
with open('not_a.csv') as csvfile:
    areader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    max_elems = 0
    for row in areader:
        if max_elems < len(row): max_elems = len(row)
    csvfile.seek(0)
    for i, row in enumerate(areader):
        # fix my csv by padding the rows
        d.append(row + ["" for x in range(max_elems-len(row))])

df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print df

# the default engine
# provides "pandas.errors.ParserError: Error tokenizing data. C error: Expected 5 fields in line 2, saw 6 "
#df = pd.read_csv('Test.csv',header=None, engine='c')

# the python csv engine
# provides "pandas.errors.ParserError: Expected 6 fields in line 4, saw 7 "
#df = pd.read_csv('Test.csv',header=None, engine='python')

Preprocess file outside of python if concerned about extra code inside python creating too much python code.

Richs-MBP:tmp randrews$ cat test.csv
1,2,3
1,
2
1,2,
,,,
Richs-MBP:tmp randrews$ awk 'BEGIN {FS=","}; {print $1","$2","$3","$4","$5}' < test.csv
1,2,3,,
1,,,,
2,,,,
1,2,,,
,,,,

Answer 4

I have a different take on the solution. Let pandas take care of creating the table and deleting None values and let us take care of writing a proper tokenizer.

Tokenizer

def tokenize(str):
    idx = [x for x, v in enumerate(str) if v == '\"']
    if len(idx) % 2 != 0:
        idx = idx[:-1]
    memory = {}
    for i in range(0, len(idx), 2):
        val = str[idx[i]:idx[i+1]+1]
        key = "_"*(len(val)-1)+"{0}".format(i)
        memory[key] = val
        str = str.replace(memory[key], key, 1)        
    return [memory.get(token, token) for token in str.split(",")]  

Test cases for Tokenizer

print (tokenize("1,2,3,4,5"))
print (tokenize(",,3,\"Hello, World!\",5,6"))
print (tokenize(",,3,\"Hello,,,, World!\",5,6"))
print (tokenize(",,3,\"Hello, World!\",5,6,,3,\"Hello, World!\",5,6"))
print (tokenize(",,3,\"Hello, World!\",5,6,,3,\"Hello,,5,6"))

Output

['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'] ['', '', '3', '"Hello, World!"', '5', '6'] ['', '', '3', '"Hello,,,, World!"', '5', '6'] ['', '', '3', '"Hello, World!"', '5', '6', '', '3', '"Hello, World!"', '5', '6'] ['', '', '3', '"Hello, World!"', '5', '6', '', '3', '"Hello', '', '5', '6']

Putting the tokenizer into action

with open("test1.csv", "r") as fp:
    lines = fp.readlines()

lines = list(map(lambda x: tokenize(x.strip()), lines))
df = pd.DataFrame(lines).replace(np.nan, '')

Advantage:

Now we can teak the tokenizer function as per our needs

Answer 5

For me this was solved by adding usecols to the pd.read_csv() command:

usecols=['My_Column_1','My_Column_2',...]