如何在程序中重命名词典？

Question

I ask the user of my program to input the number of datasets he/she wants to investigate, eg three datasets. Accordingly, I should then create three dictionaries (dataset_1, dataset_2, and dataset_3) to hold the values for the various parameters. Since I do not know beforehand the number of datasets the user wants to investigate, I have to create and name the dictionaries within the program.

Apparently, Python does not let me do that. I could not rename the dictionary once it has been created.

I have tried using os.rename("oldname", "newname"), but that only works if I have a file stored on my computer hard disk. I could not get it to work with an object that lives only within my program.

number_sets = input('Input the number of datasets to investigate:')

for dataset in range(number_sets):
    init_dict = {}
    # create dictionary name for the particular dataset
    dict_name = ''.join(['dataset_', str(dataset+1)])
    # change the dictionary´s name
    # HOW CAN I CHANGE THE DICTIONARY´S NAME FROM "INIT_DICT"
    # TO "DATASET_1", WHICH IS THE STRING RESULT FOR DICT_NAME?

I would like to have in the end

dataset_1 = {} dataset_2 = {}

and so on.

Answer 1

You don't (need to). Keep a list of data sets.

datasets = []
for i in range(number_sets):
    init_dict = {}
    ...
    datasets.append(init_dict)

Then you have datasets[0] , datasets[1] , etc., rather than dataset_1 , dataset_2 , etc.

Inside the loop, init_dict is set to a brand new empty directory at the top of each iteration, without affecting the dict s added to datasets on previous iterations.

Answer 2

If you want to create variables like that you could use the globals

number_sets = 2
for dataset in range(number_sets):
    dict_name = ''.join(['dataset_', str(dataset+1)])
    globals() [dict_name] = {}

print(dataset_1)
print(dataset_2)

However this is not a good practice, and it should be avoided, if you need to keep several variables that are similar the best thing to do is to create a list.

Answer 3

You can use a single dict and then add all the data sets into it as a dictionary:

all_datasets = {}

for i in range(number_sets):
    all_datasets['dataset'+str(i+1)] = {}

And then you can access the data by using:

all_datasets['dataset_1']

Answer 4

This question gets asked many times in many different variants ( this is one of the more prominent ones, for example). The answer is always the same:

It is not easily possible and most of the time not a good idea to create python variable names from strings.

The more easy, approachable, safe and usable way is to just use another dictionary. One of the cool things about dictionaries: any object can become a key / value. So the possibilities are nearly endless. In your code, this can be done easily with a dict comprehension:

number_sets = int(input('Input the number of datasets to investigate:'))  # also notice that you have to add int() here
data = {''.join(['dataset_', str(dataset + 1)]): {} for dataset in range(number_sets)}
print(data)

>>> 5
{'dataset_1': {}, 'dataset_2': {}, 'dataset_3': {}, 'dataset_4': {}, 'dataset_5': {}}     

Afterwards, these dictionaries can be easily accessed via data[name_of_dataset] . Thats how it should be done.