如果第一行与模式匹配，则 sed 在文件的第一行插入字符串

Question

I have an sed question to which I couldn't find the answer anywhere yet:

I have a bunch of files, some of them start with the string ### and some don't. In every file which starts with ### I would like to insert some multi-line string before the current first line.

fe If a file looks like

### the first line

abc cba jfkdslfjslkd

I want the multi line string to get inserted at the top

my
multi
line
string

### the first line

abc cba jfkdslfjslkd

Nothing else in the file should get modified.

If a file does not start with ### then I don't want to edit it.

Answer 1

Using sed

First let's define your string:

$ s='my\nmulti\nline\nstring\n\n'

Now, let's run a sed command:

$ sed "1s/^###/$s&/" File
my
multi
line
string

### the first line

abc cba jfkdslfjslkd

How it works:

• 1s/old/new/ substitutes new for old but only if old occurs on the first line.

• 1s/^###/$s&/ substitutes the string $s in front of ### if the first line starts with ### .

Warning: The string s should not contain any sed-active characters. If the string s is not under your control, this is a security violation.

Using awk

Awk has sensible handling of variables and this avoids the security problem.

$ s='my\nmulti\nline\nstring\n'
$ awk -v string="$s" 'NR==1 && /^###/ {print string} 1' File
my
multi
line
string

### the first line

abc cba jfkdslfjslkd

Answer 2

This may be a simpler solution in sed:

Input:

▶ string='my\nmulti\nline\nstring\n'
▶ cat FILE 
### the first line

abc cba jfkdslfjslkd

### other lines

Solution:

▶ gsed -e '1{/^###/i\' -e "$string" -e '}' FILE
my
multi
line
string

### the first line

abc cba jfkdslfjslkd

### other lines"

Explanation:

• Use of multiple -e allows us to avoid interpolating strings into the sed command.
• The GNU alternative form ofi\\ command as noted in the GNU manual.

Answer 3

tried on gnu sed and bash

$ a='my\nmulti\nline\nstring'; echo -e $a
my
multi
line
string

$  sed -Ee "0,/^###/{/^###/i$a" -e '}' file*

my
multi
line
string
### the first line

abc cba jfkdslfjslkd