在PowerShell中使用命令行参数运行可执行文件

Question

This has to be possible. I am able to open a command prompt in windows and do the following:

<some exe> <some exe command line parameters>

There must be an equivalent way to do this in PowerShell or even a standard windows batch file. For example, from the windows command prompt I can start a docker container with:

docker run –-net=kafka -d –-name=zookeeper -e ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT=2181 confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:4.1.0

however if I try something like this with PowerShell

& "docker" run –-net=kafka -d –-name=zookeeper -e ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT=2181 confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:4.1.0

it fails with an generic error:

invalid reference format.

Perhaps PowerShell is not suited for this type of advanced use case. Any suggestions would be appreciated!

Is there a better scripting language for advanced usages like this?

Answer 1

By and large, external programs in PowerShell are called the same way as from cmd.exe - there are differences, due to PowerShell having additional metacharacters such as $ and @ , but they do not come into play in your specific case. (Your & "docker" ... variant would work in principle too, but the use of & is only necessary if you must use a quoted or variable-based command name or path).

The problem is that your original command line contains two instances of – ( EN DASH, U+2013 ) instead of the expected ASCII-range - dash (hyphen) , which docker doesn't recognize.

A quick way to discover the problem:

# Print the code points of characters outside the ASCII range.
PS> [int[]] [char[]] '& "docker" run –-net=kafka -d –-name=zookeeper -e ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT=2181 confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:4.1.0' -gt 127
8211
8211

Decimal 8211 is hex. 0x2013 , the code point of en-dash, whereas the code point of the regular - is 45 ( 0x2d ).

All that is needed is to replace these – instances with - (and, since docker needn't be quoted, there is no need for & ):

docker run --net=kafka -d --name=zookeeper -e ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT=2181 confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:4.1.0

---

Your own answer shows a variable-based implementation of the command that is effectively the same as the command above - if all the arguments are known in advance, there is never a need to use variables.

If you do want to use variables, it is much simpler to use a single array variable for all the arguments and pass that:

$dockerExe =  'docker'
$dockerArgs = 'run',
              '--net=kafka',
              '-d',
              '--name=zookeeper',
              '-e',
              'ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT=2181',
              'confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:4.1.0'

& $dockerExe $dockerArgs

Note:

• The executable name/path must always be specified separately, and if it is quoted or involves variable references (as in this case), & , the call operator must be used for invocation, for syntactic reasons.

• Passing the arguments as an array this way works with external programs; for PowerShell commands, you'd create a hashtable variable that you pass with sigil @ instead of $ , a feature known as splatting .

Answer 2

I think Start-Process cmdlet will be useful. ArgumentList can be single or double quoted.

Start-Process docker -ArgumentList "run –-net=kafka -d –-name=zookeeper -e ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT=2181 confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:4.1.0"

Answer 3

There is a lot of complexities in powershell escaping. I wrote this module to assist with running of external commands:

https://github.com/choovick/ps-invoke-externalcommand

Demo: https://terminalizer.com/view/49acb54a979

Install-Module -Name ExternalCommand -Scope CurrentUser
Invoke-ExternalCommand -Command "docker" -Arguments @("run","-d","--name=zookeeper","--net=kafka","-e","ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT=2181", "confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:4.1.0")

Answer 4

Here's how to do it.

$app = 'docker'

$a1 = 'run'

$a2 = '--net=kafka'

$a3 = '-d'

$a4 = '--name=zookeeper'

$a5 = '-e'

$a6 = 'ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT=2181'

$a7 = 'confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:4.1.0'

& $app $a1 $a2 $a3 $a4 $a5 $a6 $a7