Psycopg2 ProgrammingError：SELECT或附近的语法错误

Question

Trying to pass a variable to a psql query. Code below. I'm ultimately trying to copy the results to a CSV file and an error occurs trying to execute the module cur.copy_expert.

date1 = ('2019-05-06',)
query = ('''SELECT * FROM product WHERE (product.esb_timestamp > %s AND product.esb_timestamp < '2019-05-11')''', date1)

# Copy the results to a new file
output = "COPY ({0}) to STDOUT WITH CSV HEADER".format(query)
with open('Database_Query.csv', 'w') as file1:
    cur.copy_expert(output, file1)

Error below:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "database_query.py", line 55, in <module>
    cur.copy_expert(output, file1)
psycopg2.ProgrammingError: syntax error at or near ""SELECT * FROM nwwproduct WHERE (nwwproduct.esb_timestamp > %s AND nwwproduct.esb_timestamp < '2019-05-11')""
LINE 1: COPY (("SELECT * FROM nwwproduct WHERE (nwwproduct.esb_times...

Answer 1

As psycopg2 docs mentions

If you need to compose a COPY statement dynamically (because table, fields, or query parameters are in Python variables) you may use the objects provided by the psycopg2.sql module.

This is also confirmed from this GitHub ticket by one of the psycopg2 authors and current maintainer: @dvarrazzo.

from psycopg2 import sql

stmt = """COPY (SELECT * FROM product 
                WHERE (product.esb_timestamp > {dt} 
                  AND  product.esb_timestamp < '2019-05-11')
               ) TO STDOUT WITH CSV HEADER"""

query = sql.SQL(stmt).format(dt=sql.Literal("2019-05-06"))

with open('Database_Query.csv', 'w') as file1:
    cur.copy_expert(query, file1)

Do be aware this is different from Python's str.format and safely interpolates values to prepared statement.

Answer 2

COPY does not support parameters. Reference