尝试使用bash中的捕获组重命名文件

Question

I have a bunch of image files out of google takeout in folders of the format yyyy-MM-dd/img.jpg - I use phockup to organize my photos and it needs the photos to be in yyyy/mm/dd folders. I'd like to keep the dates since google already gave me them.

For example - this folder/image should match

/2018-07-01/test_img.jpg

and be renamed to

/2018/07/01/test_img.jpg

I've tried using bash together with sed and find to use regex capture groups to move the files, but I don't seem to have had much luck. see below for where I currently am

find . -name "*.jpg" -print0 | sed 'p;s/([0-9]{4})\-([0-9]{2})\-([0-9]{2})\/(.*)/$2\/$3\/$4\/$5/' | xargs -0 -n2 mv

Here is the error I'm getting

mv: cannot move './2018-07-01/test_img.jpg' to ''$'\\n''./2018-07-01/test_img.jpg': No such file or directory

Which seems odd since the regex capture groups I believe are correct. I'm not sure why it won't rename the files.

Answer 1

Here's a bash possibility. Run the script in the directory with the date-named directories. I used a copy command instead of move so you can check the results before deleting the old files. If you want to use mv instead, at least run it once with echo in front of it for a sanity check.

newdir=/home/me/newpics

[[ -d "$newdir"  ]] || mkdir "$newdir"

for dir in *; do
  if [[ -d "$dir" && "$dir" =~ ([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+) ]]; then
      year=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
      month=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
      day=${BASH_REMATCH[3]}

      todir="$newdir/$year"; [[ -d "$todir"  ]] || mkdir "$todir"
      todir+="/$month";      [[ -d "$todir"  ]] || mkdir "$todir"
      todir+="/$day";        [[ -d "$todir"  ]] || mkdir "$todir"

      for file in "$dir/"*.jpg; do
        base=$(basename "$file")
        cp "$file" "$todir/$base"
      done
  fi
done

Answer 2

In addition to my comments above, and that to use {n} occurrences you will need more than basic regex expression, if I understand correctly you only want to match .jpg files with the format, eg /2018-07-01/test_img.jpg , then you will either need to limit the find expression to only find files in the date-formatted directories, or you can have sed only pass along files from those directories. sed provides the ability to only match lines of a given format before attempting the substitution using the form:

sed -r /match/s/find/replace/

( note: the -r option causes sed to use extended regular expressions, check the manual page ( man sed ) to ensure your version supports that option as well, -E is often used for the same purpose)

For for your match above, you can use:

/^\/[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}/

Additionally, the -n option to sed suppresses the default printing of output. So to craft an expression that only acts on and passes the appropriate files along to xargs , you could use the following sed expression:

sed -r -n '/^\/[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}/s/([0-9]{4})\-([0-9]{2})\-([0-9]{2})\/(.*)/\1\/\2\/\3\/\4/p'

( note: the replacement of '$' with \\ to invoke the wanted backreference and adjusting the backreference number to 1-4 instead of 2-5 , and adding p after the substitution causes sed to print those lines that matched the expression)