子手游戏，但我在使用列表功能时遇到麻烦

Question

I'm currently doing the MIT Opencourseware on Python and one of the assignments is to do a Hangman game.
Most of the functions I've managed to do pretty well but the problem I'm encountering is in these two functions:

def get_guessed_word(secret_word, letters_guessed):
    lengthOf = len(secret_word)

    listLength = ["_ "] *lengthOf

    for i,char in enumerate(secret_word):
        if char == letters_guessed:
            listLength[i]=char+" "
            listCopy = listLength[:]
            print(list)

def get_available_letters(letters_guessed):
    alphabet = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z']

    for i, char in enumerate(alphabet):
        if char == letters_guessed:
            alphabet[i]="_"
            alphabetCopy = alphabet[:]
            print(alphabetCopy)
            break

The problem is that each time I go through the function the alphabet resets and I tried solving this by creating a copy but I realized the solution really doesn't work even before implementing it because the listCopy and alphabetCopy just copy the "zero-state" each time the function is called.

I know I can do other solutions but I specifically want this "user-experience". I tried some other workarounds but I just can't figure it out right now.

Answer 1

get_available_letters

So you have a list with letters that were already guessed and you want to know, what letters are left. The simplest way is to use sets .

def get_available_letters(guessed_letters):
   alphabet = set(map(chr, range(97, 123))) # Same list like you but shorter version
   return sorted(alphabet - set(guessed_letters))

What this does:

>>>get_available_letters(['a', 'e', 'f'])
['b', 'c', 'd', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']

get_guessed_word

def get_guessed_word(secret_word, letters_guessed):
   guessed_word = ["_"] * len(secret_word)
   for i, letter in enumerate(secret_word):
      if letter in letters_guessed: # Changed == to in
         guessed_word[i] = letter # Don't break after a letter was found and no copy necessary
   return "".join(guessed_word)

>>>get_guessed_word("Hello", ["e", "o"])
'_e__o'

Answer 2

I am assuming that the variable letters_guessed is a list or set containing all letters which have been guessed.

In that case, you could use:

def GetGuessedWord(SecretWord, GuessedLetters):    
    Ln = len(SecretWord)
    DisplayList = ["_ "]*Ln

    for i, char in enumerate(SecretWord):
        if char in GuessedLetters:          # This will check if char is present in the list
            DisplayList[i] = char + " "
    print(DisplayList)

def GetAvailableLetters(GuessedLetters):
    Letters = "abcdefghijlkmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    DisplayList = [L for L in Letters]      # Converts it into a list of smaller strings, 1 letter each

    for i, char in enumerate(DisplayList):
        if char in GuessedLetters:
            DisplayList[i] = "_"
    print(DisplayList)

>>> GetGuessedWord("overgrown", ['o'])
['o ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', 'o ', '_ ', '_ ']
>>> GetGuessedWord("overgrown", ['o', 'e', 'r'])
['o ', '_ ', 'e ', 'r ', '_ ', 'r ', 'o ', '_ ', '_ ']
>>> GetGuessedWord("overgrown", ['o','e','r','z'])
['o ', '_ ', 'e ', 'r ', '_ ', 'r ', 'o ', '_ ', '_ ']


>>> GetAvailableLetters(['o'])
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'l', 'k', 'm', 'n', '_', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
>>> GetAvailableLetters(['o', 'e', 'r'])
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '_', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'l', 'k', 'm', 'n', '_', 'p', 'q', '_', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
>>> GetAvailableLetters(['o', 'e', 'r', 'z'])
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '_', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'l', 'k', 'm', 'n', '_', 'p', 'q', '_', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', '_']

The '==' operator returns true if the objects being compared have the same value. It will return false since one is a string and the other a list, hence can't have same value.

The 'in' operator returns true if the input on the left is present in the input in the right.

However

If you are guessing one letter at a time, then you need your functions to leave permanent modifications on the variables outside. So variable alphabet can't be declared inside get_available_letters, but must be declared in the main code and passed as an input to the function get_available_letters. This should fix this function if letters_guessed is a string 1 letter long. Now you can use the '==' operator.

def get_available_letters(letters_guessed, alphabet):
    for i, char in enumerate(alphabet):
        if char == letters_guessed:
            alphabet[i]="_"               # This line will permanently change the variable alphabet
            alphabetCopy = alphabet[:]    # Not useful, u may as well print the original
            print(alphabetCopy)
            break

>>> alphabet = [L for L in 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz']; print(alphabet)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']

>>> get_available_letters("o", alphabet)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', '_', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
>>> get_available_letters("e", alphabet)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '_', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', '_', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
>>> get_available_letters("r", alphabet)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '_', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', '_', 'p', 'q', '_', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
>>> get_available_letters("z", alphabet)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '_', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', '_', 'p', 'q', '_', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', '_']

For the other function you would need variable listLength to be declared outside and passed to this function.

def get_guessed_word(secret_word, letters_guessed, listLength):
    for i,char in enumerate(secret_word):
        if char == letters_guessed:
            listLength[i]=char+" "                # Permanently modifies listLength, not breaking since multiple same letters can occur in the same word
listCopy = listLength[:]
print(listCopy)

>>> secret_word = "overgrown"
>>> listLength = ["_ "]*len(secret_word); print(listLength)
['_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ']

>>> get_guessed_word(secret_word, "o", listLength)
['o ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', 'o ', '_ ', '_ ']
>>> get_guessed_word(secret_word, "e", listLength)
['o ', '_ ', 'e ', '_ ', '_ ', '_ ', 'o ', '_ ', '_ ']
>>> get_guessed_word(secret_word, "r", listLength)
['o ', '_ ', 'e ', 'r ', '_ ', 'r ', 'o ', '_ ', '_ ']
>>> get_guessed_word(secret_word, "z", listLength)
['o ', '_ ', 'e ', 'r ', '_ ', 'r ', 'o ', '_ ', '_ ']

And make copies of arrays when you need to modify arrays without affecting the original.