如何在设置其数据上下文时使用用户控件依赖项属性？

Question

I've made a user control which contains a command, to be called in response to a certain event. This command is a dependency property. I want to use it in the main window like this:

<local:myUserControl Command="{Binding someCommand}"/>

The "myCommand" is the dependency property I created for this user control. And I bind it to a command of the view model of the main window ("someCommand").

The problem is that I am setting the datacontext of my usercontrol (I have a view model for it), and it seems to reset the "Command" to null… Here is the code-behind of my view model:

public partial class myUserControl : UserControl, ICommandSource
{
    public myUserControl()
    {
        this.DataContext = new myViewModel();

        InitializeComponent();
    }

    public ICommand Command
    {
        get { return (ICommand)GetValue(CommandProperty); }
        set { SetValue(CommandProperty, value); }
    }
    public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("Command", typeof(ICommand), typeof(myUserControl), new PropertyMetadata(null));



    public object CommandParameter
    {
        get { return (object)GetValue(CommandParameterProperty); }
        set { SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, value); }
    }
    public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandParameterProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("CommandParameter", typeof(object), typeof(myUserControl), new PropertyMetadata(0));



    public IInputElement CommandTarget
    {
        get { return (IInputElement)GetValue(CommandTargetProperty); }
        set { SetValue(CommandTargetProperty, value); }
    }
    public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandTargetProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("CommandTarget", typeof(IInputElement), typeof(myUserControl), new PropertyMetadata(null));



    private void TextBlock_MouseUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
    {
        Command.Execute(this.CommandParameter);
    }
}

The code of my user control could be the Following:

<UserControl x:Class="myApp.myUserControl"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
             xmlns:local="clr-namespace:myApp"
             mc:Ignorable="d" 
             d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
    <Grid>
        <TextBlock MouseUp="TextBlock_MouseUp">
        </TextBlock>
    </Grid>
</UserControl>

(I know that this element seems a bit silly (or useless), but I have simplified it to test what didn't worked and also in order to ask a rather simple question).

I have discovered that, if I comment the "this.DataContext = new myViewModel();" line, the binding to the command works perfectly. And when I uncomment this line and put a breakpoint in the "TextBlock_MouseUp", the "Command" property is equal to null...

Would there be a way to resolve this problem? I have some complicated code in my view model (so I'm quite forced to keep this line "this.DataContext = new myViewModel();"), and I am not sure I could find another solution than having a "Command" dependency property in my user control…

To be sure I give a maximum of informations, I have the following code in the view model of my main window:

public ICommand someCommand { get; set; }

//Constructor
public MainWindowViewModel()
{
    this.someCommand = new RelayCommand((obj) => { return true; },
                                        (obj) =>
                                        {
                                            //I put a breakpoint here
                                            int dummy = 0;
                                        });
}

(The RelayCommand class is a standard RelayCommand class, with a "Predicate" CanExecute and an "Action Execute).

I hope this question is not a duplicate… I have found several similar question, but they did not seem to answer mine...

Answer 1

I'm really sorry for this question which was in fact a bit silly. I hadn't understand very well what happens during a binding. I thought that this code line in the MainWindow…

<local:myUserControl Command="{Binding someCommand}"/>

…would have made an attempt to bind the UserControl's "Command" property to the "someCommand" of the datacontext of the MainWindow . In fact, as @elgonzo pointed out, the binding looks up in the UserControl's datacontext for the "someCommand" property (and not in the MainWindow's datacontext!!). Therefore, setting the UserControl's datacontext with this line…

this.DataContext = new myViewModel();

...was preventing the binding to be correctly done (since it looks for the "someCommand" property of the UserControl's datacontext, which is now "myViewModel", which does not contain "someCommand"...).

To fix this, I had to change the binding like this:

<local:myUserControl Command="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type Window}}, 
                                       Path=DataContext.someCommand}"/>

I've found this solution here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/1127964/11609068 .

Maybe it is not the best way to do it (the "Path= DataContext. someCommand" make me think this, it doesn't seem very elegant), but it works. Another way to do it is to name the MainWindow (x:Name="someName"), so that the binding is a bit simpler:

<local:myUserControl Command="{Binding ElementName=someName, Path=DataContext.someCommand}"/>

Again, sorry and many thanks to @elgonzo.