如何设置运行时使用python保存文件的路径？

Question

I have created a new directories 'Student' and 'Faculty' using os.mkdir(). I need save the student files in 'Student' folder and employee details in the 'Faculty' folder. How do I do it manually? I need to set a path to write a file into the student and faculty folder.

import os
stuDir = 'StudentDetails'
os.mkdir(stuDir)
facDir = 'FacultyDetails'
os.mkdir(facDir)
if(tempNo[0]=='E'):
 #I need to set a path to 'Faculty'folder
elif(tempNo[0]=='R'):
 #I need to set a path to 'Student'folder
f=open(outfile, 'w')
for j in tempList2:
  if(temp==j[0]):
   writer = csv.writer(f)
   writer.writerow(j)

Answer 1

Try changing the current directory to the directory you want using os.chdir('complete_path_you_want_to_switch') if else blocks and try writing the files there.

os.chdir()

Answer 2

Use os.getcwd to the current working directory

path=os.getcwd();

Then append directory,outfile to that path

f=open(path+stuDir+outfile, 'w')

Answer 3

Just use os.path.dirname(__file__) if you want a relative path, and use os.path.join() to join paths. To write the file in the folder you just created, simply use the same filepath, as in this example:

import os
stuDir = 'StudentDetails'
stuDir_filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), stuDir)
os.mkdir(stuDir_filepath)

facDir = 'FacultyDetails'
facDir_filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), facDir)
os.mkdir(facDir_filepath)

name_of_file = "name_file"
file_path= os.path.join(facDir_filepath, name_of_file+".txt")         
file1 = open(file_path, "w")
toFile = "Some Text here"
file1.write(toFile)
file1.close()

Answer 4

For Python 3.6+ there is a new Path object from pathlib which can work like this for your situation. In this example there is not a need to set a path. stuDir and facDir are assumed to be local paths and they can give you the full path with .absolute() afterwards eg facDir.absolute()

from pathlib import Path
outfile = "somefilenamehere.csv"
stuDir = Path('StudentDetails')
facDir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)

facDir = Path('FacultyDetails')
facDir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)

if(tempNo[0]=='E'):
    #now outfile is a path
    outfile = facDir/outfile
elif(tempNo[0]=='R'):
    outfile = facDir/outfile
#try out this last line as I can't verify that it works without some data which was not provided.
outfile.write_lines([csv.writer(j) for j in tempList2 if temp==j[0]]