硒的问题-find_elements_by_xpath或find_elements_by_tag
[英]issue with selenium - find_elements_by_xpath or find_elements_by_tag
问题描述
I'm having an issue where I'm not sure where lies the issue. 
我遇到的问题是我不确定问题在哪里。
I've created a functional test for, called func_tests1.py 我创建了一个功能测试，称为func_tests1.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
import unittest
class NewVisitorTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
def tearDown(self):
self.browser.quit()
def test_can_start_a_list_and_retrieve_it(self):
self.browser.get('http://localhost:8000')
#this is where lies the issue
header_text = self.browser.find_element_by_tag('h1')
self.assertIn('To-do', header_text)
self.fail('Finish the test!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main(warnings='ignore')
This is my template, home.html 这是我的模板home.html
<html>
<head>
<title>To-do lists</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Your To-do list <h1>
<input id="id_new_item" placeholder="Enter a to-do item"/>
<table id="id_list_table">
</table>
</body>
<!-- -->
</html>
When I do a python3 func_tests1.py , I have the following error : 当我执行python3 func_tests1.py ，出现以下错误：
======================================================================
ERROR: test_can_start_a_list_and_retrieve_it (__main__.NewVisitorTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "func_tests.py", line 44, in test_can_start_a_list_and_retrieve_it
self.assertIn('To-do',header_text)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/unittest/case.py", line 1086, in assertIn
if member not in container:
TypeError: argument of type 'FirefoxWebElement' is not iterable
After, doing some search on the internet, I found this fix ,which is changing the line 之后，在互联网上进行了一些搜索，我找到了此修复程序 ，它正在改变这一行
header_text = self.browser.find_elements_by_tag('h1') to header_text = self.browser.find_elements_by_tag('h1')至
header_text = self.browser.find_elements_by_xpath('h1')
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
import unittest
class NewVisitorTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
def tearDown(self):
self.browser.quit()
def test_can_start_a_list_and_retrieve_it(self):
self.browser.get('http://localhost:8000')
header_text = self.browser.find_elements_by_xpath('h1') #changing to the new method
self.assertIn('To-do', header_text)
self.fail('Finish the test!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main(warnings='ignore'
And suddenly, this new error is appearing. 突然，这个新错误出现了。
======================================================================
FAIL: test_can_start_a_list_and_retrieve_it (__main__.NewVisitorTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "func_tests.py", line 44, in test_can_start_a_list_and_retrieve_it
self.assertIn('To-do',header_text)
AssertionError: 'To-do' not found in []
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 3.369s
Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong, please? 有人能告诉我我在做什么错吗？
2 个解决方案
解决方案1
2 已采纳 2019-07-14 14:12:02
The main issue is how header_text is defined. 主要问题是如何定义header_text 。
header_text = self.browser.find_elements_by_tag('h1') will return a list of FirefoxWebElement . header_text = self.browser.find_elements_by_tag('h1')将返回FirefoxWebElement的列表 。
If you only need the first element, you can use 如果只需要第一个元素，则可以使用
header_text = self.browser.find_element_by_tag('h1') # no plural
This one returns only the first matching FirefoxWebElement . 这个仅返回第一个匹配的FirefoxWebElement 。
Now, to anticipate the next error, if you want to compare any text, you also need to select the text attribute of this FirefoxWebElement . 现在，要预料到下一个错误，如果要比较任何文本，还需要选择此FirefoxWebElement的text属性。
header_text = self.browser.find_element_by_tag_name('h1').text
self.assertIn('To-do', header_text) # >>> OK
解决方案2
1 2019-07-14 14:54:18
As an alternative, consider adding an id to the header: 作为替代方案，请考虑向标头添加ID：
<h1>Your To-do list <h1>
becomes 变
<h1 id="todolist">Your To-do list <h1>
Then, you can simply 然后，您可以简单地
self.driver.find_element_by_id("todolist")
Might be cleaner than a xpath/tag solution: as the page grows, an id should be unique, whereas other header tags might be added. 可能比xpath / tag解决方案更干净：随着页面的增长，id应该是唯一的，而其他标头标签可能会添加。
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