获取安卓设备的永久唯一 ID

Question

I have an application in which I want to identify the device with Unique ID,

I have tried multiple solutions but doing after phone reset unique ID gets changed(like ANDROID_ID)

I have used below StackOverflow links which are not usable now.

Is there a unique Android device ID? ,

How to get unique device numer in Android? ,

Get Unique ID of Android Device? ,

How to get unique device hardware id in Android? ,

Get unique device ID in android

Android Q has restricted access for IMEI and serial number. It is available only for platforms and apps with special carrier permission. Also, permission READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE is not available for non-platform apps.

Many people may mark this as duplicate but please note that I am looking for a unique id that will last for a device. (which will not change even after resetting/formating the device)

Answer 1

It's not possible in latest Android versions by design to prevent apps from tracking devices due to privacy reasons. Especially if you want to track after a device factory reset as mentioned.

See Best Practices Guide

Recommendation is to use Advertising ID and not associate it with any hardware identifiers. You may identify the user account, but not the device itself. This allows the user to change the user account if they deem necessary or uninstall/reinstall the app at worst.

Play Store policy notes

Association with personally-identifiable information or other identifiers. The advertising identifier must not be connected to personally-identifiable information or associated with any persistent device identifier (for example: SSID, MAC address, IMEI, etc.) without explicit consent of the user.

Now, you may track a device as long as

1. you don't distribute your app via the play store (ie sideloading, but you do risk getting booted if Play Protect on device may notice you. I can't remember the default setting, but if the device has play services, it may scan sideloaded apps and remove them if it finds malicious behavior.)
2. Use hardware identifiers on older versions of Android, (still subject to Play Protect, and also Play Store if you distribute through there) or force users to use a custom ROM

Answer 2

read https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/6048248?hl=en

The Google Play Developer Program Policy requires that all updates and new apps uploaded to Google Play use the advertising ID (when available on a device) in place of any other device identifiers for any advertising purposes. You're responsible for ensuring your apps are in compliance with policies regarding its usage, as well as all Play policies.

Apps using a persistent ID other than the advertising ID may receive a policy violation warning via the publisher site or the email address used to register the account. If you receive a warning, you should ensure that any published APKs comply with the advertising ID related guidance in the Developer Program Policy. If you are using a third-party ad SDK, please contact the SDK maker to obtain a new version that complies with this new policy.

and https://developers.google.com/android/reference/com/google/android/gms/ads/identifier/AdvertisingIdClient

Helper library for retrieval of advertising ID and related information such as the limit ad tracking setting.

It is intended that the advertising ID completely replace existing usage of other identifiers for ads purposes (such as use of ANDROID_ID in Settings.Secure) when Google Play Services is available. Cases where Google Play Services is unavailable are indicated by a GooglePlayServicesNotAvailableException being thrown by getAdvertisingIdInfo().