Delphi：如何从接口类型变量访问对象的基类方法

Question

...or vice versa. Let's suppose two classes on which I have no control, both inherit from the same base class:

TDataSet1 = class(TDataSet)
...
end;

TDataSet2 = class(TDataSet)
...
end;

I have an interface declaration like this:

IMyDataSet = interface
  procedure MyProc;
end;

Then I have two classes that inherit from the previous ones and that implement my interface:

TMyDataSet1 = class(TDataSet1, IMyDataSet)
  procedure MyProc;
end;

TMyDataSet2 = class(TDataSet2, IMyDataSet)
  procedure MyProc;
end;

Now my problem is: i have a bunch of procedures and functions which must accept as parameter an object which can be an instance of both my classes. I don't need to access properties or methods specific to my two classes or to the ancestor ones, only those from the base class TDataSet and those declared in the interface IMyDataSet .

If I declare a procedure like this:

procedure Foo(ADataSet: TDataSet);

I can only call methods from TDataSet class.

If instead I declare the procedure in this way:

procedure Foo(ADataSet: IMyDataSet);

I can see only methods that belong to that interface.

Is there a way so that I can see both TDataSet and IMyDataSet methods on the reference I pass to the procedure?

Answer 1

You can declare parameter as interface and then typecast it to object reference inside method. (This kind of typecasting works in Delphi 2010 and newer)

procedure Foo(ADataSet: IMyDataSet);
var
  LDataSet: TDataSet;
begin
  LDataSet := TDataSet(ADataSet);
  ... 
end;

Note: If IMyDataSet interface is not implemented on TDataSet class above typecast will fail without raising exception and return nil .

You can also use as operator to typecast, but in that case failure raises exception.

LDataSet := ADataSet as TDataSet;

---

Another option is to pass parameter as object instance and then retrieve interface from object. In that case your interface must have GUID.

IMyDataSet = interface
  ['{XXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}'] // replace with actual GUID
  procedure MyProc;
end;

procedure Foo(ADataSet: TDataSet);
var
  LDataSet: IMyDataSet;
begin
  if Supports(ADataSet, IMyDataSet, LDataSet) then
    begin
      ... 
    end;
end;