部署到 Google Cloud App Engine 时出现问题

Question

I'm trying to deploy my app to Google Cloud, but I still receive error:

ERROR: (gcloud.app.deploy) Error Response: [9] 
Application startup error:
> biurovue@1.0.0 start /app
> node build/dev-server.js
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:638
throw err;
^
Error: Cannot find module 'chalk' .....

My app is built with nodejs, back end is in Express and Sequalizer and front end is in vuejs. I'm calling

gcloud int
gcloud app deploy

and then, after few minutes error above occures. I've tried several times:

npm install chalk

also, I've removed node_modules folder and call npm install from the scratch. Didn't help.

My package.json is following:

{
"name": "biurovue",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "A Vue.js project",
"author": "Shark <arek.shark@gmail.com>",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"dev": "node build/dev-server.js",
"start": "node build/dev-server.js",
"build": "node build/build.js",
"unit": "cross-env BABEL_ENV=test karma start test/unit/karma.conf.js -- single-run",
"e2e": "node test/e2e/runner.js",
"test": "npm run unit && npm run e2e",
"lint": "eslint --ext .js,.vue src test/unit/specs test/e2e/specs"
},
"dependencies": {
"@okta/jwt-verifier": "0.0.11",
"axios": "^0.18.0",
"cors": "^2.8.4",
"each-async": "^1.1.1",
"easy-async": "^1.0.0",
"finale-rest": "^1.0.6",
"indent-string": "^4.0.0",
"sequelize": "^4.37.6",
"sqlite3": "^4.1.0",
"vue": "^2.5.2",
"vue-router": "^3.0.1",
"vuedraggable": "^2.23.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"autoprefixer": "^7.1.5",
"babel-core": "^6.26.0",
"babel-eslint": "^8.0.1",
"babel-loader": "^7.1.2",
"babel-plugin-istanbul": "^4.1.5",
"babel-plugin-transform-runtime": "^6.23.0",
"babel-preset-env": "^1.6.0",
"babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.24.1",
"babel-register": "^6.26.0",
"chai": "^4.1.2",
"chalk": "^2.4.2",
"chromedriver": "^2.33.1",
"connect-history-api-fallback": "^1.4.0",
"copy-webpack-plugin": "^4.1.1",
"cross-env": "^5.0.5",
"cross-spawn": "^5.1.0",
"css-loader": "^0.28.7",
"cssnano": "^3.10.0",
"eslint": "^4.9.0",
"eslint-config-standard": "^10.2.1",
"eslint-friendly-formatter": "^3.0.0",
"eslint-loader": "^1.9.0",
"eslint-plugin-html": "^3.2.2",
"eslint-plugin-import": "^2.7.0",
"eslint-plugin-node": "^5.2.0",
"eslint-plugin-promise": "^3.6.0",
"eslint-plugin-standard": "^3.0.1",
"eventsource-polyfill": "^0.9.6",
"express": "^4.16.3",
"extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
"file-loader": "^1.1.5",
"friendly-errors-webpack-plugin": "^1.6.1",
"html-webpack-plugin": "^2.30.1",
"http-proxy-middleware": "^0.17.4",
"inject-loader": "^3.0.1",
"karma": "^1.7.1",
"karma-coverage": "^1.1.1",
"karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
"karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^1.0.4",
"karma-phantomjs-shim": "^1.5.0",
"karma-sinon-chai": "^1.3.2",
"karma-sourcemap-loader": "^0.3.7",
"karma-spec-reporter": "0.0.31",
"karma-webpack": "^2.0.5",
"mocha": "^4.0.1",
"nightwatch": "^0.9.16",
"opn": "^5.1.0",
"optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
"ora": "^1.3.0",
"phantomjs-prebuilt": "^2.1.15",
"rimraf": "^2.6.2",
"selenium-server": "^3.6.0",
"semver": "^5.4.1",
"shelljs": "^0.7.8",
"sinon": "^4.0.1",
"sinon-chai": "^2.14.0",
"sw-precache-webpack-plugin": "^0.11.4",
"uglify-es": "^3.1.3",
"url-loader": "^0.6.2",
"vue-loader": "^13.3.0",
"vue-style-loader": "^3.0.3",
"vue-template-compiler": "^2.5.2",
"webpack": "^3.7.1",
"webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^2.9.0",
"webpack-dev-middleware": "^1.12.0",
"webpack-hot-middleware": "^2.19.1",
"webpack-merge": "^4.1.0"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">= 4.0.0",
"npm": ">= 3.0.0"
},
"browserslist": [
"> 1%",
"last 2 versions",
"not ie <= 8"
]
}

What can be a problem? How to solve? diagnose errors like this? Thanks.

Answer 1

Move them into dependencies . devDependencies should really only be used, as its name suggests, for development. Suppose you have a package which in turn has multiple dependencies. Suppose you are using mochaJS , chaiJS and sinonJS to achieve full test coverage. The end-user installing your package most likely wouldn't want to install the testing and/or documentation frameworks you used as well. Thus, those frameworks would be placed on devDependencies . In this case, because chalk and shellJS are required at runtime they would have to be placed in dependencies .

Summary: Use dependencies for packages required at runtime and devDependencies for packages required only to develop ( testing frameworks, linting, etc. )