用 SwiftUI 中的文本遮罩矩形

Question

I want to achieve following using SwiftUI:

This is what I have tried:

Text("test").mask(Rectangle().frame(width: 200, height: 100).foregroundColor(.white))

Also the other way around:

Rectangle().frame(width: 200, height: 100).foregroundColor(.white).mask(Text("test"))

Both of those samples gave me the inverse result of what I wanted. Meaning that only the text was showing in white with the rectangle being "masked away".

I also thought of the alternative where I simply combine Text and Rectangle in a ZStack . The rectangle having the foreground color and the text the background color. This would result in the same effect. However I don't want to do this as this seems like a hack to me. For instance if I want to add a gradient or an image to the background this method wouldn't work very well.

Is there a good way on how to do this in SwiftUI? I wouldn't mind if it is through a UIViewRepresentable .

Answer 1

Actually, even if it may seems like an hack to you, it's how SwiftUI works.

You can avoid this "hack" by creating a custom view

An example could be:

public struct BackgroundedText: View {

    var first_color = Color.green
    var second_color = Color.white
    var text_color = Color.green

    var size = CGSize(width: 200, height: 100)
    var xOffset: CGFloat = 50
    var yOffset: CGFloat = 50

    var text = "Hello world!"

    init(_ txt: String, _ txt_color: Color, _ fColor: Color, _ sColor: Color, _ size: CGSize, _ xOff: CGFloat, _ yOff: CGFloat) {
        self.text = txt
        self.text_color = txt_color
        self.first_color = fColor
        self.second_color = sColor
        self.size = size
        self.xOffset = xOff
        self.yOffset = yOff
    }


    public var body: some View {
        ZStack{
            Rectangle()
                .frame(width: self.size.width,
                       height: self.size.height)
                .foregroundColor(self.first_color)

            Rectangle()
            .frame(width: self.size.width - xOffset,
                   height: self.size.height - yOffset)
            .foregroundColor(self.second_color)

            Text(self.text)
                .foregroundColor(self.text_color)

        }
    }
}

So you can use the view in this way:

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        BackgroundedText("Hello", .green, .green, .white, CGSize(width: 200, height: 100), 50, 50)
    }
}

If you want, you can make the rectangle resize based on text inside

Answer 2

Please refer to this anwser first, and then you'll understand the following code I made:

import SwiftUI
import PlaygroundSupport

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        
        // text used in mask
        let text = Text("Text")
            .font(.system(size: 80, weight: .black, design: .rounded))
            .scaledToFit()                   // center text in view
        
        // container
        return ZStack {
            // background color
            Color.white.grayscale(0.3)
            // text card
            Gradient.diagonal(.yellow, .green)      // my custom extension 
                .inverseMask(text)                    // ⭐️ inverse mask
                // shadow for text
                .shadow(color: Color.black.opacity(0.7), radius: 3, x: 3, y: 3)
                .frame(width: 300, height: 200)
                // highlight & shadow
                .shadow(color: Color.white.opacity(0.9), radius: 18, x: -18, y: -18)
                .shadow(color: Color.black.opacity(0.3), radius: 14, x:  14, y:  14)
        }
    }
}

PlaygroundPage.current.setLiveView(ContentView())

and the result is:

The key extension used in the above code is .inverseMask() :

import SwiftUI

extension View {
    // view.inverseMask(_:)
    public func inverseMask<M: View>(_ mask: M) -> some View {
        // exchange foreground and background
        let inversed = mask
            .foregroundColor(.black)  // hide foreground
            .background(Color.white)  // let the background stand out
            .compositingGroup()       // ⭐️ composite all layers
            .luminanceToAlpha()       // ⭐️ turn luminance into alpha (opacity)
        return self.mask(inversed)
    }
}

----[Edited]-----

My custom extension for Gradient :

import SwiftUI

extension Gradient {
    
    // general linear gradient ---------------------------
    
    public static func linear(
        from start: UnitPoint, 
        to     end: UnitPoint, 
        colors    : [Color]       // use array
    ) -> LinearGradient 
    {
        LinearGradient(
            gradient  : Gradient(colors: colors), 
            startPoint: start, 
            endPoint  : end
        )
    }
    
    public static func linear(
        from start: UnitPoint, 
        to     end: UnitPoint, 
        colors    : Color...     // use variadic parameter
    ) -> LinearGradient 
    {
        linear(from: start, to: end, colors: colors)
    }
    
    // specialized linear gradients ------------------------
    
    // top to bottom
    public static func vertical(_ colors: Color...) -> LinearGradient {
        linear(from: .top, to: .bottom, colors: colors)
    }
    
    // leading to trailing
    public static func horizontal(_ colors: Color...) -> LinearGradient {
        linear(from: .leading, to: .trailing, colors: colors)
    }
    
    // top leading to bottom trailing
    public static func diagonal(_ colors: Color...) -> LinearGradient {
        linear(from: .topLeading, to: .bottomTrailing, colors: colors)
    }
    
    // top leading to bottom trailing
    public static func diagonal2(_ colors: Color...) -> LinearGradient {
        linear(from: .bottomLeading, to: .topTrailing, colors: colors)
    }
}

Answer 3

I had a similar requirement. Actually my requirement was that the text is a multiline text that scrolls up to reveal one line at a time ( timed with someone narrating the text. The background was an image.

I solved it the following way. A ZStack with the image first, then the Text layer with the multiline text positioned the way I want it, and then another layer of the image with a rectangular hole made where I want the text to appear through. The approach may meet your needs - you will need to position the hole, change colors etc. to meet your needs. The code shows a rectangle hole about three quarters of the way down the image.

struct TestView : View {
  var body: some View {
    GeometryReader { proxy in
      ZStack {
        Image("MyImage")
          .resizable()
          .scaledToFit()
        Text("Multiline\ntext\nfor\nscrolling")
          .font(.title).foregroundColor(.white)
          .position(x: proxy.size.width * 0.5, y: proxy.size.height * 0.75 )
        Image("MyImage")
          .resizable()
          .scaledToFit()
          .mask(self.makeMask(for: proxy.size))
      }
    }
  }

  func makeMask(for sz : CGSize) -> some View {
    return VStack(spacing: 0) {
      Rectangle().fill(Color.black)
        .frame(height: sz.height * 0.75 + 4)
      Rectangle().fill(Color.clear)
        .frame(height: 40)
      Rectangle().fill(Color.black)
        .frame(height: sz.height * 0.25 - 40)
    }
  }
}