如何从网站中提取 XHR 响应数据？

Question

I want to get a link to a kind of json document that some webpages download after getting loaded. For instance on this webpage :

But it can be a very different document on a different webpage . Unfortunately I can't find the link in the source page with Beautfiul soup.

So far I tried this:

import requests
import json

data = {
  "Device[udid]": "",
  "API_KEY": "",
  "API_SECRET": "",
  "Device[change]": "",
  "fbToken": ""
}

headers = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.119 Safari/537.36"
}

url = "https://data.electionsportal.ge/en/event_type/1/event/38/shape/69898/shape_type/1?data_type=official"

r = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
data = r.json()

But it returns a json decode error:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
JSONDecodeError                           Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-72-189954289109> in <module>
     17 
     18 r = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
---> 19 data = r.json()
     20 

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py in json(self, **kwargs)
    895                     # used.
    896                     pass
--> 897         return complexjson.loads(self.text, **kwargs)
    898 
    899     @property

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\json\__init__.py in loads(s, encoding, cls, object_hook, parse_float, parse_int, parse_constant, object_pairs_hook, **kw)
    346             parse_int is None and parse_float is None and
    347             parse_constant is None and object_pairs_hook is None and not kw):
--> 348         return _default_decoder.decode(s)
    349     if cls is None:
    350         cls = JSONDecoder

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\json\decoder.py in decode(self, s, _w)
    335 
    336         """
--> 337         obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
    338         end = _w(s, end).end()
    339         if end != len(s):

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\json\decoder.py in raw_decode(self, s, idx)
    353             obj, end = self.scan_once(s, idx)
    354         except StopIteration as err:
--> 355             raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
    356         return obj, end

JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

Answer 1

The JSON you are trying to find in the HTML content is loaded by the client through javascript with XMLHttpRequests. That means that you will not be able to use BeautifulSoup to find the tag in the HTML that contains the URL, it is inside either in a <script> block or loaded externally.

Besides, you are trying to convert a webpage written in HTML into JSON. And attempting to access a key ( coins ) which is nowhere defined inside the webpage or the JSON content..

Solution

1. Load that JSON directly, without attempting to find the JSON URL with BeautifulSoup in the aforementioned website. By doing so, you would then be able to run requests.json() flawlessly.

2. Otherwise, check out Selenium , it's a web driver that allows you to run javascript.

Hope that clears it out.

Answer 2

This works for both links in your post:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
url = 'https://data.electionsportal.ge/en/event_type/1/event/38/shape/69898/shape_type/1?data_type=official'
r = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text)
splits = [item.split('=',1)[-1] for item in str(soup.script).split(';')]
filtered_splits = [item.replace('"','') for item in splits if 'json' in item and not 'xxx' in item]
links_to_jsons = ["https://data.electionsportal.ge" + item for item in    filtered_splits]
for item in links_to_jsons:
   r = requests.get(item)
   print(r.json())       # change as you want      

Btw. I am guessing that you can construct json links by changing number 69898 to number which is in similar position in another webpage ( but still data.electionsportal.ge).