如何使用 pytest-mock 或 magicmock 模拟导入的 object

Question

I am trying to understand the mock/monkeypatch/pytest-mock capabilities.

Let me know if this is possible. If not could you please suggest how I can test this code.

My code structure:

/
./app
../__init__.py
../some_module1
.../__init__.py
../some_module2
.../__init__.py
./tests
../test_db.py

The /app/__init__.py is where my application (a Flask application if it helps) is started along with initializing a database connection object to a MongoDB database:

# ...

def create_app():
  # ...
  return app

db_conn = DB()

The some_module1 and some_module import the db_conn object and use it as part of their functions:

## some_module1/__init__.py
from app import db_conn

...
db = db_conn.db_name2.db_collection2

def some_func1():
    data = db.find()
    # check and do something with data
    return boolean_result

...

## some_module2/__init__.py
from app import db_conn

...
db = db_conn.db_name1.db_collection1

def some_func2():
    data = db.find()
    # check and do something with data
    return boolean_result
...

In my tests, I want to test if my code works properly based on the data received from the database. I want to mock the database, more specifically the db_conn object since I don't want to use a real database (which would be a lot of work setting up the environment and maintaining it).

Any suggestions on how I can emulate the db_conn ?

I've been exploring pytest-mock and magicmock but I don't think or know how to mock the db_conn in my test.

Answer 1

I believe you are right not testing cases on a real database because it's not unit testing anymore if you are using external dependencies.

There is a possibility to specify return-value and customize it ( different return values on each iteration even ) for Mock or MagicMock objects.

from unittest.mock import Mock, patch 

from app import db_conn


@patch('app.db_conn.find')
def test_some_func1(db_con_mock):
    ...
    assert ...

Keep in mind that in each patch you should specify the import path of db_conn - the path where db_conn **is used (I assume it's a different path in each test), not where it is defined.

Answer 2

To answer the intial question "How to mock a imported object with pytest-mock or magicmock" you can do:

from unittest import mock  # because unittest's mock works great with pytest

def test_some_func1():
    with mock.patch('some_module1.db', mock.MagicMock(return_value=...)) as magicmock:
        result = some_func1(...)
        assert ... e.g. different fields of magicmock
        assert expected == result

# or alternatively use annotations

@mock.patch('some_module2.db', mock.MagicMock(return_value=...))
def test_some_func2():
        result = some_func2(...)

note that you do not patch the actual source of db

For your other use case

I want to mock the database (using a mongo database), more specifically the "db_conn" object

you similarly follow the hints of the link above:

mock.patch('some_module1.db_conn', mock.MagicMock(return_value=...))

Given that, you will notice in your tests that db from `db = db_conn.db_name2.db_collection2' will create another mock object. Calls to that object will be recorded as well. In such a way you will be able to trace history of calls and values assignments as well.

---

Furthermore, see an example how to pach mongo db.

For testing of Flask apps see the documentation of flask . Also this is a nice explanation as well, and uses DB connections .

As a general hint, like @MikeMajara mentioned - separate your code more into smaller functions that are also easy to test. In tradition to TDD: write tests first, implement later, and refactor (especially DRY!)

Answer 3

Separation of concerns. Build methods that do one, and only one thing. Even more if you are going with TDD. In your example some_func2 does more than one. You could refactor as follows:

def get_object_from_db():
    return db.find()

def check_condition_on_object(obj):
    check something to do with object
    return true or false

def some_func2():
   obj = get_object_from_db()
   check_condition_on_object(obj)

With this approach you could easily test get_object_from_db and check_condition_on_object separately. This will improve readability, avoid bugs, and help detecting these if they appear at some point.

---

About "mocking an imported object" . You might be trying to mock an object with a library that is meant for a more advance case than yours. These libraries provide you with a bunch of methods surrounding test environment out of the box that you might not need. From the looks, you just want to populate an object with mock data, and/or interact with a mocked db_connection instance. So...

To populate , I would simplify: You know the condition you want to test and you want to check if the result for a given object is the expected one. Just build yourself a test_object_provider.py that returns your known cases for true|false . No need to make things more complex.

To use a fake MongoDB connection you can try with mongomock . (although ideally you would test mongo with a real instance in a separate test).