为什么消费者.py中的事件处理程序function被多次调用，然后web-socket连接被强制终止？

Question

I have created a real time notifier using web-socket, implemented using Django-Channels. It sends the "Post Author" a real time notification whenever any user likes the author's post .

The problem is, for single like button click, multiple notifications are being saved in database . This is because the function (like_notif()) defined in consumers.py which is saving notification data to database when the 'like button click' event happens is called multiple times (when it should be called only once ) until the web-socket is disconnected.

In the following lines I will provide detail of what is actually happening(to the best of my understanding) behind the scene.

1. Like button is clicked.
   

<a class="like-btn" id="like-btn-{{ post.pk }}" data-likes="{{ post.likes.count }}" href="{% url 'like_toggle' post.slug %}">
    Like
</a>

2. JavaScript prevents the default action and generates an AJAX call to a URL.

$('.like-btn').click(function (event) {
   event.preventDefault();
   var this_ = $(this);
   var url = this_.attr('href');
   var likesCount = parseInt(this_.attr('data-likes')) || 0;

   $.ajax({
       url: url,
       method: "GET",
       data: {},
       success: function (json) {
          // DOM is manipulated accordingly.
       },
       error: function (json) {
           // Error.
       }
   });
});

3. The URL is mapped to a function defined in views.py. (Note: Code for Post Model is at the last if required for reference.)

# In urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    path('<slug:slug>/like/', views.post_like_toggle, name="like_toggle"),
]

# In views.py

@login_required
def post_like_toggle(request, slug):
    """
        Function to like/unlike posts using AJAX.
    """
    post = Post.objects.get(slug=slug)
    user = request.user

    if user in post.likes.all():
        # Like removed 
        post.likes.remove(user)
    else:
        # Like Added
        post.likes.add(user)
        user_profile = get_object_or_404(UserProfile, user=user)

        # If Post author is not same as user liking the post
        if str(user_profile.user) != str(post.author):

            # Sending notification to post author is the post is liked.
            channel_layer = get_channel_layer()

            text_dict = {
                # Contains some data in JSON format to be sent.
            }

            async_to_sync(channel_layer.group_send)(
                "like_notif", {
                    "type": "notif_like",
                    "text": json.dumps(text_dict),
                }
            )

    response_data = {
        # Data sent to AJAX success/error function.
    }

    return JsonResponse(response_data)

4. Consumer created to handle this in consumers.py.

# In consumers.py

class LikeNotificationConsumer(AsyncConsumer):

    async def websocket_connect(self, event):
        print("connect", event)
        await self.channel_layer.group_add("like_notif", self.channel_name)
        await self.send({
            "type": "websocket.accept",
        })

    async def websocket_receive(self, event):
        print("receive", event)

    async def websocket_disconnect(self, event):
        print("disconnect", event)
        await self.channel_layer.group_discard("like_notif", self.channel_name)

    async def notif_like(self, event):
        print("like_notif_send", event)

        await self.send({
            "type": "websocket.send",
            "text": event.get('text')
        })

        json_dict = json.loads(event.get('text'))

        recipient_username = json_dict.get('recipient_username')
        recipient = await self.get_user(recipient_username)

        sender_username = json_dict.get('sender_username')
        sender = await self.get_user(sender_username)

        post_pk = json_dict.get('post_pk', None)
        post = await self.get_post(post_pk)

        verb = json_dict.get('verb')
        description = json_dict.get('description', None)
        data_dict = json_dict.get('data', None)
        data = json.dumps(data_dict)

        await self.create_notif(recipient, sender, verb, post, description, data)

    @database_sync_to_async
    def get_user(self, username_):
        return User.objects.get(username=username_)

    @database_sync_to_async
    def get_post(self, pk_):
        return Post.objects.get(pk=pk_)

    @database_sync_to_async
    def create_notif(self, recipient, sender, verb, post=None, description=None, data=None, *args, **kwargs):
        return Notification.objects.create(recipient=recipient, sender=sender,  post=post, verb=verb, description=description,  data=data)

Note: notif_like() function is being called multiple times and thus data is being saved multiple times in the database. Why is this function being called multiple times?

5. JavaScript code(written in HTML file) handling websocket connection. I have used Reconnecting Websockets .

<script type="text/javascript">

    var loc = window.location
    var wsStart = 'ws://' 
    if(loc.protocol == 'https:') {
        wsStart = 'wss://' 
    }
    var endpoint = wsStart + loc.host + "/like_notification/"
    var likeSocket = new ReconnectingWebSocket(endpoint)

    likeSocket.onmessage = function (e) {
        console.log("message LikeNotificationConsumer", e)
        var data_dict = JSON.parse(e.data)

        /*
            DOM manipulation using data from data_dict.
            NOTE: All the intended data is coming through perfectly fine.
        */

    };

    likeSocket.onopen = function (e) {
        console.log("opened LikeNotificationConsumer", e)
    }

    likeSocket.onerror = function (e) {
        console.log("error LikeNotificationConsumer", e)
    }

    likeSocket.onclose = function (e) {
        console.log("close LikeNotificationConsumer", e)
    }
</script>

6. Post model for reference

# In models.py

class Post(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=False, null=True, verbose_name='Post Title')
    post_content = RichTextUploadingField(blank=False, null=True, verbose_name='Post Content')
    author = models.ForeignKey(
        User,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        default=None,
        blank=True,
        null=True
    )
    likes = models.ManyToManyField(User, blank=True, related_name='post_likes')
    published = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, blank=True)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tags, verbose_name='Post Tags', blank=True, default=None)
    slug = models.SlugField(default='', blank=True)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.slug = slugify(self.title + str(self.pk))
        super(Post, self).save()

    def get_like_url(self):
        return reverse("like_toggle", (), {'slug', self.slug})

    def __str__(self):
        return '%s' % self.title

7. Notification model for reference

# In models.py

class Notification(models.Model):

    recipient = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=False, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="Recipient",)
    sender = models.ForeignKey(
        User,
        blank=False,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name="Sender"
    )

    # Post (If notification is attached to some post)
    post = models.ForeignKey(
        Post,
        blank=True,
        default=None,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE, 
        related_name="Post",
    )
    verb = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
    data = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    unread = models.BooleanField(default=True, blank=False, db_index=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.verb

8. Channels layer setting.

# In settings.py

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer", 
        "CONFIG": {
            "hosts": [("localhost", 6379)]
        }
    }
}

I expect the notification to be saved only once per click on the like button but it is being saved multiple times as the notif_like() function defined in consumers.py is being called multiple times per click.

Moreover, web-socket gets disconnected abruptly after this and following warning is displayed in the terminal -

Application instance <Task pending coro=<SessionMiddlewareInstance.__call__() running at /home/pirateksh/DjangoProjects/ccwebsite/ccenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/channels/sessions.py:183> wait_for=<Future pending cb=[<TaskWakeupMethWrapper object at 0x7fb7603af1c8>()]>> for connection <WebSocketProtocol client=['127.0.0.1', 52114] path=b'/like_notification/'> took too long to shut down and was killed.

I am struggling with this for quite a time now, so it will be really helpful if someone can guide me through this.

Answer 1

After almost a year I was working on a very similar project and I was able to reproduce this bug and also figured out what was causing this.

I am pretty sure that this is somehow being caused by ReconnectingWebSocket .

The reason for this is that when I switched back to using vanilla WebSocket, everything worked fine.

I have also opened an issue regarding this on the ReconnectingWebSocket's Github repository .