我可以有一个数据类字段的简单列表吗

Question

Can I have easily a list of field from a dataclass ?

@dataclass
class C:
    x: int
    y: int
    z: int
    t: int

expected result:

[x,y,z]

Answer 1

you can use the asdict method of dataclass .

if you want the keys:

obj.asdict().keys()

or if you want the value of the fields:

obj.asdict().values()

Both methods above return a View object which you can iterate on, or you can convert it to list using list(...) .

Answer 2

The answer depends on whether or not you have access to an object of the class.

Just using the class

If you only have access to the class, then you can use dataclasses.fields(C) which returns a list of field objects (each of which has a .name property):

[field.name for field in dataclasses.fields(C)]

From an existing object

If you have a constructed object of the class, then you have two additional options:

1. Use dataclasses.fields on the object:

[field.name for field in dataclasses.fields(obj)]

2. Use dataclasses.asdict(obj) (as pointed out by this answer ) which returns a dictionary from field name to field value. It sounds like you are only interested in the .keys() of the dictionary:

dataclasses.asdict(obj).keys()       # gives a dict_keys object
list(dataclasses.asdict(obj).keys()) # gives a list
list(dataclasses.asdict(obj))        # same 

Full example

Here are all of the options using your example:

from dataclasses import dataclass, fields, asdict


@dataclass
class C:
    x: int
    y: int
    z: int
    t: int

# from the class
print([field.name for field in fields(C)])

# using an object
obj = C(1, 2, 3, 4)

print([field.name for field in fields(obj)])
print(asdict(obj).keys())
print(list(asdict(obj).keys()))
print(list(asdict(obj)))

Output:

['x', 'y', 'z', 't']
['x', 'y', 'z', 't']
dict_keys(['x', 'y', 'z', 't'])
['x', 'y', 'z', 't']
['x', 'y', 'z', 't']