有没有更简单的方法来解决这个问题使用 python

Question

Python problem: use simulations to estimate the probability that two out of N people in a room share the same birthday. It is guaranteed that 2 <= N <= 30.

This is kind of an example:

import math 

# Returns approximate number of  
# people for a given probability 
def find( p ): 
    return math.ceil(math.sqrt(2 * 365 *
                     math.log(1/(1-p)))); 

# Driver Code 
print(find(0.70)) 

Output 30

Answer 1

I think you may have misunderstood your task. From the question stated, I would expect a correct solution to look something like the following:

import random

def contains_duplicates(X):
    seen = set()
    seen_add = seen.add
    for x in X:
        if (x in seen or seen_add(x)):
            return True
    return False


def approximateProbability(num_people, num_tests):
    tests = [[random.randint(1,365) for _ in range(num_people)] for _ in range(num_tests)]
    results = [contains_duplicates(x) for x in tests]
    return results.count(True)/len(results)

# Testing with 23 people and 1000 tests - should return about 0.5
print(approximateProbability(23,1000))

This code takes in the number of people (N) and the number of simulations to run and outputs the percentage of the simulations in which one or more of the people shared a birthday.

If that's not what you were after, let me know.