如何在常量评估表达式中获得编译时错误？

Question

I have an Assert function that I use to evaluate assertion:

• if the precondition fails at runtime, this function will output an error message and it will terminate the program.

• if the precondition fails inside a constant expression, it will cause a compile time error.

I would like that this function also generates a compile time error when the assertion fails in constant evaluated expression:

const int a = (Assert(false),0); //generate a runtime error 
                                 //=> I would like it generates a compile time error

I thought about using std::is_constant_evaluated : compiler-explorer

#include <type_traits>

using namespace std;

void runtime_error();

constexpr void compile_time_error(){} //should generates a compile time error

constexpr void Assert(bool value){
   if (value) return;
   if (is_constant_evaluated())
     compile_time_error();
   else
     runtime_error();
   }

void func(){
    const int a = (Assert(false),0);
    }

I only use GCC, I have look for a builtin function that would cause a compile time error and that would be a constexpr but did not find one.

Is there any trick to get a compile time error in expression that could be constant evaluated?

Answer 1

You can call a function that is nowhere defined to cause a compile time error. Or, since you are using gcc anyway, you can call a attribute error function from inside the constant part to cause a compile time error during compilation of this unit. To make it work, you have to compile with optimizations enabled.

I see that with std::is_constant_expression it does not work in gcc 9.2, but I managed it to work with __builtin_constant_p .

#include <type_traits>

constexpr void Assert(bool value) {
   if (__builtin_constant_p(value)) {
        if (!value) {
            extern __attribute__(( __error__ ( "error" ) ))
            void compile_time_error(void);
            compile_time_error();
        }
    } else {
        if (!value) {
            void runtime_error();
            runtime_error();
        }
   }
}

void func(int b) {
    const int a = (Assert(false), 0);
    Assert(b == 0);
}

I have once written a library in CI called curb that would do something like this.