自动实现的属性如何在 C# 接口中工作？

Question

If I declare Auto-Implemented properties in C# classes, then public string Property { get; set; } public string Property { get; set; } public string Property { get; set; } becomes:

private string _property;

public string get_Property() {
    return _property;
}

public void set_Property(string value) {
    _property = value;
}

which includes a private field string _property .

If I create an interface, I am allowed to use Auto-Implemented properties like so:

string Property { get; set; }

Why can I declare Auto-Implemented properties inside Interface, but I can't use the longer, more verbose syntax that declares private fields? I am aware of the definition that says:

An interface contains only the signatures of methods, properties, events or indexers

Is the private field in interfaces not generated the same as in classes? Is it generated at all?

Answer 1

Why can I declare Auto-Implemented properties inside Interface

They aren't auto-implemented, it's just that the syntax of a property declaration is identical to the syntax for an auto-implemented property definition .

This:

interface IFoo
{
    String Bar { get; set; }
}

Means: " IFoo has a public _[1] String property named Bar which has a getter and a setter."

This:

class Foo
{
    String Bar { get; set; }
}

Means: " Foo has a private _[2] String property named Bar which has a getter and a setter, and the getter and setter are both auto-generated by the compiler and operate on a hidden instance field.

---

Note that the syntax used in the interface is unrelated to the syntax used by implementation in the class or struct . So given the same IFoo as above...

interface IFoo
{
    String Bar { get; set; }
}

...we can have:

// Using auto-implemented property:
class Foo2 : IFoo
{
    public String Bar { get; set; }
}

// Using explicit backing field:
class Foo3 : IFoo
{
    private String bar;

    public String Bar
    {
        get { return this.bar; }
        set { this.bar = value; }
    }
}

// Using expression-body syntax with a backing field:
class Foo4 : IFoo
{
    private String bar;

    public String Bar
    {
        get => this.bar;
        set => this.bar = value;
    }
}

// Using explicit interface implementation with a backing field:
class Foo5 : IFoo
{
    private String bar;

    String IFoo.Bar
    {
        get { return this.bar; }
        set { this.bar = value; }
    }
}

---

// You can also use explicit interface implementation with an auto-implemented property:
class Foo6 : IFoo
{
    String IFoo.Bar { get; set; }
}

// However, if it's a getter-only property you won't be able to set a property value in the constructor - but you can initialize it inline:
interface IReadOnlyFoo
{
    String Bar { get; }
}

class Foo7 : IReadOnlyFoo
{
    String IReadOnlyFoo.Bar { get; } = "foo"; // ok
}

class Foo8 : IReadOnlyFoo
{
    public Foo8()
    {
        this.Bar = "foo"; // <-- Error. `Bar` is not a member of `this`.
        // You also can't cast `(IReadOnlyFoo)this` because `IReadOnlyFoo` does not contain a setter.
    }

    String IReadOnlyFoo.Bar { get; }
}

---

Is the private field in interfaces not generated the same as in classes

Interfaces don't have fields, interfaces only have virtual methods (or rather: an interface can be thought-of as a single vtable). Note that internally: properties and events are also fundamentally virtual methods (also note that while internally they're virtual calls, implemented interface methods are not automatically virtual (in the C# sense) in that a subclass of an interface implementation cannot arbitrarily override any interface member _[3] .

Also not to be confused with "Default interface implementations" in C# 8.0 which a more akin to extension methods than treating interfaces as classes, because interfaces still cannot have fields.

You should also familarise yourself with C#'s expression-bodied member syntax (though it isn't used much for property-setters):

class Foo2
{
    String bar; // this is a private instance field

    String Bar // this is a private instance property
    {
        get => this.bar;
        set => this.bar = value;
    }
}

[1] Disregarding Explicit Interface Implementation, of course.
[2] Class members are private by default if they don't have an explicit access-modifier.
[3] Subclasses can reimplement an interface which will have the effect of overriding any virtual-calls to that interface member, but only if the member is accessed through an interface reference rather than through an object reference to the class's supertype.