C# 可选参数：为什么我可以在接口和派生类上定义默认不同？

Question

With C#, we now can have optional parameters , and give them default values like this:

public abstract class ImporterBase : IImporter {
    public void ImportX(bool skipId = true) {
        //....
    }
}

Now, suppose in the interface we derive from, we have

public interface IImporter {
    void ImportX(bool skipId = false);
}

See, that the default value is defined as different in the base class as in the interface. This is really confusing, as now the default value depends whether I do

IImporter interfaceImporter = new myConcreteImporter(); //which derives from ImporterBase
interfaceImporter.DoX(); //skipId = false

or

ImporterBase concreteImporter = new myConcreteImporter(); //which derives from ImporterBase
concreteImporter.DoX(); //skipId = true

Why is it allowed to define the default value differently in both the interface and the derived class?

Note: this question similar, but focuses on the optionality, not on the value.

Answer 1

There's a good reason for it. See here .

The short answer is though, if it treated the optional values as part of the method signature, it cause some problems. Imagine the code below:

public abstract class A
    {
        public abstract void SomeFunction(bool flag);
    }

    public class B : A
    {
        public override void SomeFunction(bool flag = true)
        {
            //do something
            Console.WriteLine(flag);
        }
    }

If the optional parameter value was part of the method signature then I'd get a compilation error since A doesn't have bool flag = true in the method signature. It's an easy fix for sure but if you shipped A to a third party and their custom code created class B, they'd have to go change your code to have the optional parameter. Also keep in mind this is exacerbated when there are several levels of inheritance. So the easiest fix was to not consider the optional parameter value as part of the method signature for these purposes.

Answer 2

To clarify, I'm interpreting the question to be:

If a method is defined in an interface / base class which has a method which has a parameter with a default value, and a class implements / overrides that method but provides a different default value, why doesn't the compiler warn?

Note that this doesn't cover the case where the implementation doesn't provide any default value -- that case is explained by Eric Lippert .

---

I asked this on thecsharplang gitter channel , and the response from someone who has been heavily involved in the language design for a long time was:

i think an analyzer sounds very good for this.

From that, and the other links posted here (which don't even mention this specific case), my best guess is that this specific case just wasn't considered, or was briefly considered but dismissed as too niche. Of course, once C# 4 was released, there was no way to add a compiler error or warning without breaking backwards compatibility.

You could write an analyzer which catches this case (which had a code fix to correct the default value), and try to get it incorporated into Roslyn.

---

As a footnote, there are a few cases I can see which would cause issues.

An interface changes the default value for one of its parameters

This is already a binary-breaking change, and this would promote it to a source-breaking change.

Two interfaces with different default values

interface I1
{
    void Foo(bool x = false);
}
interface I2
{
    void Foo(bool x = true);
}
class C : I1, I2
{
   ...?
}

If you did want to specify a default value for C.Foo , this case could be solved by explicitly implementing one of the interfaces:

class C : I1, I2
{
    public void Foo(bool x = false) { ... }
    void I2.Foo(bool x) => Foo(x);
}

Alternatively you could just ignore this case, and not warn.

Adding an interface in a child class

interface I1
{
    void Foo(bool x = false);
}
class Parent
{
    public void Foo(bool x = true) { ... }
}
class Child : Parent, I1
{
    ...?
}

I'm not sure what an intuitive solution to this would be, but since it's so niche I'd be tempted just to ignore it, and not warn.