如何将 HashMap 作为 JSON 类型插入 PostgreSQL？

Question

contacts has a data structure as HashMap , I'm using PostgreSQL client - rust-postgres to insert contact 's key and value into a table, then I want to select from the table. Below is what I tried so far. I need help with writing the right syntax.

use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mut client = Client::connect("host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres", NoTls)?;

    client.simple_query("
        DROP TABLE 
        IF EXISTS following_relation;
        ")?;

    client.simple_query("
        CREATE TABLE following_relation (
            id               SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
            relation         JSON NOT NULL
        )
    ")?;

    let mut contacts = HashMap::new();
    let mut v: Vec<String> = Vec::new();

    v = vec!["jump".to_owned(), "jog".to_string()];
    contacts.insert("Ashley", v.clone());

    for (name, hobby) in contacts.iter() {
        // 1. How to write sql statement with parameters?
        client.execute(
        "INSERT INTO following_relation(relation) 
         VALUE ('{"name" : $1, "hobby" : $2}')", 
        &[&name, &hobby],
    )?;  
    }

    for row in client.query("SELECT id, relation FROM following_relation", &[])? {
        // 2. How to read from parse the result?
        let id: i32 = row.get(0);
        let relation = row.get(1);
        //println!("found person: {} {} {:?}", id, relation["name"], relation["hobby"]); 
    }
    Ok(())
}

I've been given the hints

1. Like the error message says, your query has VALUE but it needs to be VALUES.
2. Query parameters cannot be interpolated into strings. You should build the object in Rust, and usehttps://docs.rs/postgres/0.17.0/postgres/types/struct.Json.html to wrap the types when inserting.

I have no idea how to apply pub struct Json<T>(pub T); here.

How to build the query required in function execute ?

pub fn execute<T: ?Sized>(
    &mut self,
    query: &T,
    params: &[&(dyn ToSql + Sync)]
) -> Result<u64, Error>
where
    T: ToStatement, 

---

UPDATED, I tried with a more brief code sample

use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
use postgres::types::Json;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct relations {
    name : String,
    hobby: Vec<String>
}
pub struct Json<T>(pub T);

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mut client = Client::connect("host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres", NoTls)?;

    client.simple_query("
        DROP TABLE 
        IF EXISTS following_relation;

        ")?;

    client.simple_query("
        CREATE TABLE following_relation (
            id      SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
            relation    JSON NOT NULL
        )
    ")?;

    let rel = relations {
        name: "czfzdxx".to_string(),
        hobby: vec![
            "basketball".to_string(),
            "jogging".to_string()
        ],
    };

    client.execute(
        r#"INSERT INTO following_relation(relation)
             VALUE ($1)"#,
        &[&Json(&rel)]
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

I get

error[E0432]: unresolved import `postgres::types::Json`

Answer 1

You want Rust raw string literal :

for (name, hobby) in contacts.iter() {
    client.execute(
        r#"INSERT INTO following_relation(relation) 
           VALUE ('{"name" : ($1), "hobby" : ($2)}')"#,
        &[&name, &following],
    )?;
}

Between the start r#" and the end "# , your string literals can have any character except # itself without escaping. If you also want # itself, then starts the raw string literals with multiple # s and ends with matching number of # s.

Answer 2

Here is main.rs :

use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use postgres_types::Json;
use postgres_types::{FromSql};


#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, FromSql)]
struct Relation {
    name : String,
    hobby: Vec<String>
}

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mut client = Client::connect("host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres", NoTls)?;

    client.simple_query("
        DROP TABLE 
        IF EXISTS following_relation;

        ")?;

    client.simple_query("
        CREATE TABLE following_relation (
            id      SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
            relation    JSON NOT NULL
        )
    ")?;

    let rel = Relation {
        name: "czfzdxx".to_string(),
        hobby: vec![
            "basketball".to_string(),
            "jogging".to_string()
        ],
    };

    client.execute(
        "INSERT INTO following_relation (relation) VALUES ($1)",
        &[&Json::<Relation>(rel)]
    )?;

    for row in &client.query("SELECT relation FROM following_relation", &[]).unwrap() {
        let rel: Json<Relation> = row.get(0);
        println!("{:?}", rel);
    }

    Ok(())
}

and Cargo.toml :

[package]
name = "testapp"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018"

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]
postgres = {version = "0.17.0"}
tokio-postgres = "0.5.1"
serde = {version = "1.0.104", features = ["derive"]}
postgres-types = {version = "0.1.0", features = ["derive", "with-serde_json-1"]}
serde_json = "1.0.45"

And here is the relevant documentation used: postgres_types and postgres . Search for serde_json , ToSql and FromSql traits are implemented for this third-party type.