[英]Why program throws runtime error while iterating over an emtpy vector in c++
vector <int> o; //Empty vector
for(int i=0;i<=o.size()-1;i++) cout<<o[i];
got runtime error in the above在上面得到运行时错误
vector <int> o;
for(auto j : o){
cout<<j<<" ";
}
However this code runs fine if iterator is used instead但是,如果使用迭代器,则此代码运行良好
o.size()
is required by the C++ standard to return an unsigned
type. C++ 标准要求o.size()
返回unsigned
类型。 When that's zero, subtracting 1 yields std::numeric_limits<decltype(o.size())>::max()
which means your loop runs past the bounds of the empty vector.当它为零时,减 1 产生std::numeric_limits<decltype(o.size())>::max()
这意味着您的循环运行超过空向量的边界。
for(std::size_t i = 0; i < o.size(); ++i)
is the obvious fix. for(std::size_t i = 0; i < o.size(); ++i)
是显而易见的解决方法。 The use of <=
and -1
seems almost disingenuously contrived to me. <=
和-1
的使用在我看来几乎是不诚实的。
o.size()
will return an unsigned value of 0. Subtracting one from it returns a very large positive number, essentially making an infinite loop. o.size()
将返回一个无符号值 0。从它减去 1 返回一个非常大的正数,本质上是一个无限循环。 Eventually your out-of-bounds array accesses to o[i]
will result in a crash.最终,您对o[i]
的越界数组访问将导致崩溃。
You could use你可以用
for(int i = 0; i <= int(o.size() - 1); i++)
Or just use the more typical或者只是使用更典型的
for(int i = 0;i < o.size(); i++)
where you check for "less than", not "less or equal" to a number one less.在那里您检查“小于”,而不是“小于或等于”减去一个数字。
Since sizeof(size_t)
is greater or equal than sizeof(int)
(although this might be implementation dependent) and size_t
is unsigned
, the int
( 1
) is converted to size_t
.由于sizeof(size_t)
大于或等于sizeof(int)
(尽管这可能取决于实现)并且size_t
是unsigned
,因此int
( 1
) 被转换为size_t
。
Therefore, in the expression o.size() - 1
, the 1
is implicitly converted to size_t
, and o.size() - 1
(which is equivalent to size_t(0 - 1)
) becomes equal to std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()
.因此,在表达式o.size() - 1
, 1
被隐式转换为size_t
,并且o.size() - 1
(相当于size_t(0 - 1)
)变得等于std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()
。 Therefore, the for
loop is entered and accessing your empty o
at index 0
results in undefined behavior.因此,进入for
循环并访问索引0
处的空o
导致未定义的行为。
You should:你应该:
for (size_t idx = 0; idx < o.size(); ++idx) { /* ... */ }
If for some reason you need the index to be of type int
, you can:如果出于某种原因您需要索引的类型为int
,您可以:
for (int idx = 0; idx < static_cast<int>(o.size()); ++idx) { /* ... */ }
or in your example (which is less common):或在您的示例中(不太常见):
for (int idx = 0; idx <= static_cast<int>(o.size()) - 1; ++idx) { /* ... */ }
声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.