有效地从 unordered_set 中删除 unique_ptr

Question

I am storing the ownership of some objects inside an unordered_set , using unique_ptr s. But I don't know a good way to erase one of them from the set, when the time comes.

Code looks something like this:

typedef unique_ptr<MyType> MyPtr;

unordered_set<MyPtr> owner;

MyPtr p = make_unique<MyType>("foo")
MyType *pRaw = p.get();
owner.insert(std::move(p));

// Later ...

// I want to do something like this (cannot be written as-is, of course):
// owner.erase(pRaw);

Is there a way to do this? I can, of course, iterate the entire set with begin() and end() , but the whole point of putting them in the set is to make these lookups efficient.

Some things I have thought of already:

• Use shared_ptr . This is the wrong abstraction for my case. Ownership is unique.
• Use raw pointers, and forget about unique_ptr. This abandons all the advantages that unique_ptr provides.
• Find the bucket with unordered_set::begin(key) . As far as I know, there is no way for me to create a key that will match the unique_ptr I want to delete. But I'm happy to be proven wrong (:

(In truth, I solved this using eastl::unordered_set , with its find_as function for custom keys)

Answer 1

This is a tough case. erase has an overload that takes a const key_type& parameter, so we can try to create a "stale" unique_ptr to get the hash value of the element to be erased:

template <typename T>
auto erase(std::unordered_set<std::unique_ptr<T>>& set, T* ptr)
{
    std::unique_ptr<T> stale_ptr{ptr};
    auto ret = set.erase(stale_ptr);
    stale_ptr.release();
    return ret;
}

( live demo )

---

This version, however, is not exception safe in general, because release will not be called if set.erase throws an exception. This is not a problem in this case, since std::equal_to<std::unique_ptr<T>>::operator() never throws exception. In the general case, we can abuse unique_ptr (!) to enforce exception safety by ensuring that release is called regardless of whether the function is exited normally or exceptionally:

template <typename T>
auto erase(std::unordered_set<std::unique_ptr<T>>& set, T* ptr)
{
    std::unique_ptr<T> stale_ptr{ptr};

    auto release = [](std::unique_ptr<T>* p) { p->release(); };
    std::unique_ptr<std::unique_ptr<T>, decltype(release)> release_helper{&stale_ptr, release};

    return set.erase(stale_ptr);
}

( live demo )

Answer 2

In C++20, std::unordered_set::find can use equivalent key with transparent hash and KeyEqual, then you might do something similar to:

struct MyHash
{
    using is_transparent = void;

    auto operator()(MyType* p) const { return std::hash<MyType*>{}(p); }
    auto operator()(const MyPtr& p) const { return std::hash<MyType*>{}(p.get()); }
};

struct MyEqual
{
    using is_transparent = void;

    template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
    auto operator()(const LHS& lhs, const RHS& rhs) const
    {
        return AsPtr(lhs) == AsPtr(rhs);
    }
private:
    static const MyType* AsPtr(const MyType* p) { return p; }
    static const MyType* AsPtr(const MyPtr& p) { return p.get(); }

};

int main()
{
    std::unordered_set<MyPtr, MyHash, MyEqual> owner;

    MyPtr p = std::make_unique<MyType>();
    MyType *pRaw = p.get();
    owner.insert(std::move(p));

    auto it = owner.find(pRaw);
    if (it != owner.end()) {
        owner.erase(it);
    }
}