使用 Rspec 和 FactoryBot 进行 Rails 测试

Question

I am new to rails rspec testing, I currently need to created nested data structure and using factorybot for data. And while it works for controller testing. Its not letting me do simple Factorybot.create(:model). I have searched a lot. But didn't seem to find or understand a solution. So, data structure i need to create is something like:

"email":"",
"name":"",
"personalDetail":{
"height":"",
"weight":"",
"color":""
}
"address":{
"street":"",
"postal_code":""
},
"experience":""
}

(**note. this not association related, data in controller is received in such a way. There is no relationship involved) while i am currently achieving this structure using

initialize_with{{
"email":"",
"name":"",
"personalDetail":{
"height":"",
"weight":"",
"color":""
}
"address":{
"street":"",
"postal_code":""
},
"experience":""
}}

its works for controller testing but it i'm not able to change key value while testing like:

FactoryBot.create(:model, name:"xyz")

, and also is not working for FactoryBot.create(:model), which is giving me error of

** Api::V1::someController get #index Failure/Error: FactoryBot.create(:model)

 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `save!' for #<Hash:0x0000563db7324060>
 # ./spec/controllers/api/v1/somecontroller_spec.rb:11:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
 # -e:1:in `<main>' **

So, my question is how can i generate this structure using FactoryBot usual method. ie

factory :job_application do
    field1 { "" }
    field2 { "" }
  end 

so that i can use it usual way.

Answer 1

factory :job_application will guess that you want to make an object of the class JobApplication . To make a Hash you need to make it explicit. See Defining Factories .

factory :job_application, class: Hash

Because Hash.new does not take a bunch of key/value pairs, you need to override the default initialization behavior. I've found the simplest thing to do is to return the attributes of the factory. See Custom Construction .

Those use symbol keys, you want string keys, so we use deep_stringify_keys . This also takes care of cloning attributes just in case.

factory :job_application, class: Hash do
  initialize_with do
    attributes.deep_stringify_keys
  end
end

Now you can add attributes in the normal way.

factory :job_application, class: Hash do
  email { "jorb@coachz.biz" }

  initialize_with do
    attributes.deep_stringify_keys
  end
end

Because there is no save method, you can only build these Hash factories.

# Yes
jorb = FactoryBot.build(:job_application)

# No
jorb = FactoryBot.create(:job_application)

I find myself doing this a lot, so I've built a string_hash factory to inherit from.

factory :string_hash, class: Hash do
  initialize_with do
    attributes.deep_stringify_keys
  end
end

factory :job_application, parent: :string_hash do
  email { "jorb@coachz.biz" }
end

---

If you want nested hashes, I suggest you make additional factories and associate them together. This allows you to easily change the values in the nested hashes.

Associations default to using create , we need to explicitly build our associations. See Associations .

factory :address, parent: :string_hash do
  street { "Ahead St." }
  postal_code { "12345" }
end

factory :job_application, parent: :string_hash do
  association :address, strategy: :build

  email { "jorb@coachz.biz" }
  name { "Coach Z" }
end

build(:job_application,
  address: build(:address, street: "Sesame St.")
)

---

Do ask yourself whether it makes sense to define these as models . This makes them work with normal factories and features like validation and you can add methods and all that good stuff.

Since this is data you receive in a controller it might benefit from having validations and methods. See ActiveModel Form Objects by ThoughtBot .

class JobApplication
  include ActiveModel::Model
  include ActiveModel::Validations

  attr_accessor :email, :name, :address

  validates :name, :email, presence: true
end

class Address
  include ActiveModel::Model

  attr_accessor :street, :postal_code
end

factory :address do
  street { "Ahead St." }
  postal_code { "12345" }
end

factory :job_application do
  # Can't save a Model either.
  association :address, strategy: :build

  email { "jorb@coachz.biz" }
  name { "Coach Z" }
end