如何在 Perl 模板工具包中区分假值和定义值

Question

This is a question about Template Toolkit for perl.

I render my templates with a little command-line utility that has the following option enabled

   DEBUG => Template::Constants::DEBUG_UNDEF,

The syntax is render <file.tt> var1 val1 var2 val2 .... This is very convenient because the user gets prompts about values that need to be defined, for example

$ render file.tt
undef error - var1 is undefined

$ render file.tt var1 foo 
undef error - var2 is undefined

$ render file.tt var1 foo var2 bar
... template renders correctly

For some (optional) values, templates provide defaults, for example:

[%- DEFAULT
    hostname = 0
%]

Then the template body would typically contain:

  [% IF hostname %] hostname = [% hostname %][% ELSE %][% -- a comment, variable hostname not provided %][% END %]

How do I make the above idiom work for variables where 0 is a valid value?

I want the following to happen:

render template.tt

Template renders:

  -- this is a comment, variable enable_networking not provided

For

  render template.tt enable_networking 0

I want

  enable_networking = 0

The problem is differentiating between defined values and false values. I have tried using -1 (instead of 0 ) both in the DEFAULT block and in the [% IF enable_networking == -1 %] statement.

However, the following DEFAULT block

[% DEFAULT enable_networking = -1 %]

will override value 0 specified on the command-line. (It sees a enable_networking is false and sets it to -1)

Are there any easy work-arounds (some config variable maybe?)

Answer 1

To check if a variable is undefined or not you could check if its size method returns something greater than 0. Of course this case only aplies if the variable is not initialized or defined at all ( enable_networking = '' has size = 1, the same with enable_networking = 0 )

To check if a variable is not false... well... first you have to describe wich type of value is false.

In this case i will take size = 0 (or size doesn't exists) as undefined, -1 as false and everything else as true:

[% IF enable_networking.size and enable_networking != -1 %]
    enable_networking = [% enable_networking %]
[% ELSE %]
    -- a comment, variable enable_networking not provided
[% END %]

With the code above if you run

render template.tt enable_networking 0

The output will be enable_networking = 0

And if you run

render template.tt

The output will be -- a comment, variable enable_networking not provided even if you don't declare [% DEFAULT enable_networking = -1 %]

EDIT 1:

The length method is better suited for this job:

[% IF enable_networking.length and enable_networking != -1 %]
    enable_networking = [% enable_networking %]
[% ELSE %]
    -- a comment, variable enable_networking not provided
[% END %]

Using length instead of size also allows you to use enable_networking = '' as FALSE along with -1

EDIT 2:

Ok, after the comments i found a workaround that do the trick: the TRY - CATCH directives...

For optional variables that can have value of 0 the objective would be to TRY setting the variable value to itself, if the variable is defined the value will be assigned, otherwise we CATCH the undef error and set the default value. For any other type of variable we can use the DEFAULT directive:

[% DEFAULT
    hostname = 0
%]
[% TRY %] [% enable_networking = enable_networking %] [% CATCH %] [% enable_networking = -1; %] [% END %]

hostname = [% hostname %]
[% IF enable_networking != -1 AND enable_networking.length %] enable_networking = [% enable_networking %][% ELSE %]-- variable enable_networking not provided[% END %]

With this new template if you run

$ render template.tt
hostname = 0
-- variable enable_networking not provided

$ render template.tt enable_networking ""
hostname = 0
-- variable enable_networking not provided

$ render template.tt hostname myhost enable_networking 0
hostname = myhost
enable_networking = 0

Answer 2

All scalar values in TT have a .defined vmethod.

[% IF hostname.defined %] hostname = [% hostname %][% ELSE %][% -- a comment, variable hostname not provided %][% END %]

This is discussed in the manual .