将一个表多次连接到其他表

Question

I have three tables:

Table User( userid username)

Table Key( userid keyid)

Table Laptop( userid laptopid)

i want all users who have either a key or a laptop, or both. How do i write the query so that it uses a join between table User and table Key, as well as a join between table User and table Laptop?

The main problem is that in the actual scenario, there are twelve or so table joins, sth like:

" select .. From a left join b on (...), c join d on (..),e,f,g where ...",

and i see that a could be joined to b, and a could also be joined to f. So assuming i can't make the tables a,b, and f appear side-by-side, how do i write the sql query?

Answer 1

You can use multiple joins to combine multiple tables:

select *
from user u
left join key k on u.userid = k.userid
left join laptop l on l.userid = u.userid

A "left join" also finds users which do not have a key or a laptop. If you replace both with "inner join", it would find only users with a laptop and a key.

When a "left join" does not find a row, it will return NULL in its fields. So you can select all users that have either a laptop or a key like this:

select *
from user u
left join key k on u.userid = k.userid
left join laptop l on l.userid = u.userid
where k.userid is not null or l.userid is not null

NULL is special, in that you compare it like "field is not null" instead of "field <> null".

Added after your comment: say you have a table Mouse, that is related to Laptop, but not to User. You can join that like:

select *
from user u
left join laptop l on l.userid = u.userid
left join mouse m on m.laptopid = l.laptopid

If this does not answer your question, you gotta clarify it some more.

Answer 2

-- // Assuming that a user can have at max 1 items of each type
SELECT      u.*
-- // Assuming that a user can have more then 1 items of each type, just add DISTINCT:
-- // SELECT      DISTINCT u.*
FROM        "User" u
LEFT JOIN   "Key"    u1 ON u.UserID = u1.UserID
LEFT JOIN   "Laptop" u2 ON u.UserID = u2.UserID
LEFT JOIN   "Server" u3 ON u.UserID = u3.UserID
-- // ...
WHERE       COALESCE(u1.UserID, u2.UserID, u3.UserID /*,...*/) IS NOT NULL

Answer 3

select distinct u.userid, u.username
from User u 
    left outer join Key     /* k on u.userid = k.userid */
    left outer join Laptop  /* l on u.userid = l.userid */
where k.userid is not null or l.userid is not null

EDIT "The main problem is that in the actual scenario, there are twelve or so table joins, sth like: " select .. From a left join b on (...), c join d on (..),e,f,g where ...", and i see that a could be joined to b, and a could also be joined to f. So assuming i can't make the tables a,b, and f appear side-by-side, how do i write the sql query?"

You can have as many left outer joins as required. Join the table with the primary key to the rest of the tables or on any other field where field values of one table should match field values of other table.

eg will explain better than words

select * 
from a
 left outer join b on a.pk = b.fk -- a pk should match b fk
 left outer join c on a.pk = c.fk -- a pk should match c fk
 left outer join d on c.pk = d.fk -- c pk should match d fk

and so on

Answer 4

As you described the case, you only wanted to know if someone has a laptop or a key. I would write the query with a subquery rather than a join:

select * 
from user 
where userid in (select userid from key union select userid from laptop)

The reason for this is that by a join a person with multiple laptops or multiple keys will be listed several times (unless you use distinct ). And even you use distinct you end up with a less efficient query (at least on Oracle the query optimizer doesn't appear to be able to create an efficient plan).

[Edited to correct what Rashmi Pandit pointed out.]

Answer 5

Solution one:

SELECT * FROM [User] u
INNER JOIN [Key] k
ON u.userid = k.userid

UNION

SELECT * FROM [User] u
INNER JOIN Laptop l
ON u.userid = l.userid

[...]

Solution two:

SELECT * FROM [User] u
LEFT JOIN [Key] k
ON u.userid = k.userid
LEFT JOIN Laptop l
ON u.userid = l.userid
LEFT JOIN [...]
WHERE k.userid IS NOT NULL
OR l.userid IS NOT NULL
OR [...]

Just a guess, also you could check the execution plan for theses two to see if the UNION one is heavier or vice versa.

Answer 6

 SELECT * 
 FROM User
 LEFT JOIN Key ON User.id = Key.user_id
 LEFT JOIN Laptop ON User.id = Laptop.user_id
 WHERE Key.id IS NOT NULL OR Laptop.id IS NOT NULL