在python中如何看一个程序一行一行的执行？

Question

Is there a way to see the details of the execution of a python file? I know that you can use logging, but obviously it would be unreasonable to set up the number of logs needed to see every line that's eventually executed. The python programme, of course, goes through the programme execution on a line by line basis, so to me, there must be a way to see the details of at the very least what line is being executed, and possibly where from.

I imagine that something like this would be possible:

lineno (27) 'test_file'
lineno (54) 'test_file'
lineno (12) 'test_file'
lineno (13) 'test_file'

Answer 1

What you want is a debugger .

There are several options, such as:

• The text-based debugger pdb
• Visual debuggers included in various IDEs:
  • Visual Studio Code ( Tutorial how to debug Python with it ) << My recommendation
  • PyCharm
  • ...and others

Answer 2

Debuggers are probably the better answer but you might also just use the trace module ( https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/trace.html ):

python -m trace -t yourscript.py

will display all lines your program is executing. If you just want to see how python steps through one script you could do.

python -m trace -t yourscript.py | grep yourscript.py

Please check following example and the output. Contents of tst.py :

sum = 0
for i in range(4):
    sum += i
print(sum)

And now the output you get:

$ python -m trace -t tst.py
 --- modulename: tst, funcname: <module>
tst.py(1): sum = 0
tst.py(2): for i in range(4):
tst.py(3):     sum += i
tst.py(2): for i in range(4):
tst.py(3):     sum += i
tst.py(2): for i in range(4):
tst.py(3):     sum += i
tst.py(2): for i in range(4):
tst.py(3):     sum += i
tst.py(2): for i in range(4):
tst.py(4): print(sum)
6
 --- modulename: trace, funcname: _unsettrace
trace.py(77):         sys.settrace(None)