Python - 在排除空集的情况下，多个集的交集

Question

What's the simplest way in Python of performing an intersection on multiple sets on the condition that empty sets, if any, are to be excluded? I tried using a list comprehension but in the example below, it only works if a is not empty.

a = {1, 2, 3}
b = {1, 4, 8, 9}
c = {1, 5, 10, 15}
d = {1, 100, 200}
e = set()
MySets = [b, c, d, e]
result = a.intersection(*[s for s in MySets if s])

Answer 1

Calling set.intersection explicitly will work as long as there is at least one non-empty set:

result = set.intersection(*(s for s in [a, b, c, d, e] if s))

If there is a possibility of all sets being empty, check the result of filtering before calling set.intersection . The assignment expression makes this a bit easier.

result = set.intersection(*non_empty) if (non_empty := list(x for x in [a, b, c, d, e] if s) else set()