为什么 super() 应该在访问这个之前出现

Question

In ES6 class constructor, why super() should come before accessing this , if not there's an error thrown: Uncaught ReferenceError: Must call super constructor in derived class before accessing 'this' or returning from derived constructor .

But before and after calling super() , this always reference the created object. So Why we have to call super() before accessing this , maybe to prevent from accessing uninitialized parent member? Is there more ideas about that?

Answer 1

From here , refer to the below code. Here super() is called to avoid duplicating the constructor parts' that are common between Rectangle and Square .

class Rectangle {
  constructor(height, width) {
    this.name = 'Rectangle';
    this.height = height;
    this.width = width;
  }
  sayName() {
    console.log('Hi, I am a ', this.name + '.');
  }
  get area() {
    return this.height * this.width;
  }
  set area(value) {
    this._area = value;
  }
}

class Square extends Rectangle {
  constructor(length) {
    this.height; // ReferenceError, super needs to be called first!

    // Here, it calls the parent class's constructor with lengths
    // provided for the Rectangle's width and height
    super(length, length);

    // Note: In derived classes, super() must be called before you
    // can use 'this'. Leaving this out will cause a reference error.
    this.name = 'Square';
  }
}

Now, why calling this before super() will result in a ReferenceError ? Well, there is no straightforward answer to that question. However, the intuition is that this requirement ensures that a superclass constructor has had a chance to initialize itself before the allocated object is used. This means that if you write a base class, you don't have to worry about subclasses accidentally forgetting to call super() but still invoking methods that assume that initialization has taken place.