我有一个多行的文本文件。 如何在python中使用正则表达式从每一行中提取一部分？

Question

The line input is like this:

-rw-r--r-- 1 jttoivon hyad-all   25399 Nov  2 21:25 exception_hierarchy.pdf

Required output is:

25399 Nov  2 21:25 exception_hierarchy.pdf

which is size , month , day , hour , minute and filename respectively.

The question asks to return a list of tuples (size, month, day, hour, minute, filename) using regular expressions to do this (either match , search , findall , or finditer method).

My code that I tried is -

for line in range(1):

    line=f.readline()

x=re.findall(r'[^-]\d+\w+:\w+.*\w+_*',line)

    print (x)

My output - [' 21:25 add_colab_link.py']

Answer 1

please have a read of the following example on how to ask great questions: How to make a great R reproducible example

I answer your question because not long ago I did the same mistakes and I was happy if someone still answered.

import re  # import of regular expression library

# I just assume you had three of those pieces in one list:
my_list = ["-rw-r--r-- 1 jttoivon hyad-all 12345 Nov 2 21:25 exception_hierarchy.pdf", "-rw-r--r-- 1 jttoivon hyad-all 25399 Nov 2 21:25 exception_hierarchy.pdf", "-rw-r--r-- 1 jttoivon hyad-all 98765 Nov 2 21:25 exception_hierarchy.pdf"]

# I create a new list to store the results in
new_list = []

# I produce this loop to go through every piece in the list:
for x in my_list:
    y = re.findall("([0-9]{5}.+pdf)", x) # you can check the meaning of the symbols with a simple google search
    for thing in y:
        a, b, c, d, e = thing.split(" ")
        g, h = d.split(":")
        z = (a, b, c, g, h, e)
        new_list.append(z)

print(new_list)

Answer 2

Here's a working example using regular expressions thanks to package re :

>>> import re
>>> line = "-rw-r--r-- 1 jttoivon hyad-all   25399 Nov  2 21:25 exception_hierarchy.pdf"
>>> pattern = r"([\d]+)\s+([A-z]+)\s+(\d{1,2})\s+(\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2})\s+(.+)$"
>>> output_tuple = re.findall(pattern, line)[0]
>>> print(output_tuple)
('25399', 'Nov', '2', '21', '25', 'exception_hierarchy.pdf')
>>> size, month, day, hour, minute, filename = output_tuple

Most of the logic is encoded in the raw pattern variable. It's very easy though if you look at it piece by piece. See below, with new lines to help you read through:

([\d]+)    # means basically group of digits (size)
\s+        # means one or more spaces
([A-z]+)   # means one or more letter (month)
\s+        # means one or more spaces
(\d{1,2})  # one or two digits (day)
\s+        # means one or more spaces
(\d{1,2})  # one or two digits (hour)
:          # looking for a ':'
(\d{1,2})  # one or two digits (minute)
\s+        # means one or more spaces
(.+)       # anything basically
$          # until the string ends

By the way, here's a working example not using re (because it's actually not mandatory here):

>>> line = "-rw-r--r-- 1 jttoivon hyad-all   25399 Nov  2 21:25 exception_hierarchy.pdf"
>>> size, month, day, hour_minute, filename = line.split("hyad-all")[1].strip().split()
>>> hour, minute = hour_minute.split(":")
>>> print(size, month, day, hour, minute, filename)
25399 Nov 2 21 25 exception_hierarchy.pdf