Tensorflow 概率错误：OperatorNotAllowedInGraphError：不允许迭代`tf.Tensor`

Question

I am trying to estimate a model in tensorflow using NUTS by providing it a likelihood function. I have checked the likelihood function is returning reasonable values. I am following the setup here for setting up NUTS:https://rlhick.people.wm.edu/posts/custom-likes-tensorflow.html

and some of the examples here for setting up priors, etc.: https://github.com/tensorflow/probability/blob/master/tensorflow_probability/examples/jupyter_notebooks/Multilevel_Modeling_Primer.ipynb

My code is in a colab notebook here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1L9JQPLO57g3OhxaRCB29do2m808ZUeex/view?usp=sharing

I get the error: OperatorNotAllowedInGraphError: iterating over tf.Tensor is not allowed: AutoGraph did not convert this function. Try decorating it directly with @tf.function. is not allowed: AutoGraph did not convert this function. Try decorating it directly with @tf.function. This is my first time using tensorflow and I am quite lost interpreting this error. It would also be ideal if I could pass the starting parameter values as a single input (example I am working off doesn't do it, but I assume it is possible).

Update It looks like I had to change the position of the @tf.function decorator. The sampler now runs, but it gives me the same value for all samples for each of the parameters. Is it a requirement that I pass a joint distribution through the log_prob() function? I am clearly missing something. I can run the likelihood through bfgs optimization and get reasonable results (I've estimated the model via maximum likelihood with fixed parameters in other software). It looks like I need to define the function to return a joint distribution and call log_prob(). I can do this if I set it up as a logistic regression (logit choice model is logistically distributed in differences). However, I lose the standard closed form.

My function is as follows:

 @tf.function
def mmnl_log_prob(init_mu_b_time,init_sigma_b_time,init_a_car,init_a_train,init_b_cost,init_scale):

    # Create priors for hyperparameters
    mu_b_time = tfd.Sample(tfd.Normal(loc=init_mu_b_time, scale=init_scale),sample_shape=1).sample()
    # HalfCauchy distributions are too wide for logit discrete choice

    sigma_b_time = tfd.Sample(tfd.Normal(loc=init_sigma_b_time, scale=init_scale),sample_shape=1).sample()


    # Create priors for parameters
    a_car = tfd.Sample(tfd.Normal(loc=init_a_car, scale=init_scale),sample_shape=1).sample()
    a_train = tfd.Sample(tfd.Normal(loc=init_a_train, scale=init_scale),sample_shape=1).sample()

    # a_sm = tfd.Sample(tfd.Normal(loc=init_a_sm, scale=init_scale),sample_shape=1).sample()

    b_cost = tfd.Sample(tfd.Normal(loc=init_b_cost, scale=init_scale),sample_shape=1).sample()
    # Define a heterogeneous random parameter model with MultivariateNormalDiag()
    # Use MultivariateNormalDiagPlusLowRank() to define nests, etc.

    b_time = tfd.Sample(tfd.MultivariateNormalDiag(  # b_time
          loc=mu_b_time,
          scale_diag=sigma_b_time),sample_shape=num_idx).sample()


    # Definition of the utility functions

    V1 = a_train + tfm.multiply(b_time,TRAIN_TT_SCALED) + b_cost * TRAIN_COST_SCALED
    V2 = tfm.multiply(b_time,SM_TT_SCALED) + b_cost * SM_COST_SCALED
    V3 = a_car + tfm.multiply(b_time,CAR_TT_SCALED) + b_cost * CAR_CO_SCALED
    print("Vs",V1,V2,V3)

    # Definition of loglikelihood
    eV1 = tfm.multiply(tfm.exp(V1),TRAIN_AV_SP)
    eV2 = tfm.multiply(tfm.exp(V2),SM_AV_SP)
    eV3 = tfm.multiply(tfm.exp(V3),CAR_AV_SP)
    eVD = eV1 + eV2 +
 eV3
    print("eVs",eV1,eV2,eV3,eVD)

    l1 = tfm.multiply(tfm.truediv(eV1,eVD),tf.cast(tfm.equal(CHOICE,1),tf.float32))
    l2 = tfm.multiply(tfm.truediv(eV2,eVD),tf.cast(tfm.equal(CHOICE,2),tf.float32))
    l3 = tfm.multiply(tfm.truediv(eV3,eVD),tf.cast(tfm.equal(CHOICE,3),tf.float32))
    ll = tfm.reduce_sum(tfm.log(l1+l2+l3))

    print("ll",ll)

    return ll

The function is called as follows:

    nuts_samples = 1000
nuts_burnin = 500
chains = 4
## Initial step size
init_step_size=.3
init = [0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,.5]

##
## NUTS (using inner step size averaging step)
##
@tf.function
def nuts_sampler(init):
    nuts_kernel = tfp.mcmc.NoUTurnSampler(
      target_log_prob_fn=mmnl_log_prob, 
      step_size=init_step_size,
      )
    adapt_nuts_kernel = tfp.mcmc.DualAveragingStepSizeAdaptation(
  inner_kernel=nuts_kernel,
  num_adaptation_steps=nuts_burnin,
  step_size_getter_fn=lambda pkr: pkr.step_size,
  log_accept_prob_getter_fn=lambda pkr: pkr.log_accept_ratio,
  step_size_setter_fn=lambda pkr, new_step_size: pkr._replace(step_size=new_step_size)
       )

    samples_nuts_, stats_nuts_ = tfp.mcmc.sample_chain(
  num_results=nuts_samples,
  current_state=init,
  kernel=adapt_nuts_kernel,
  num_burnin_steps=100,
  parallel_iterations=5)
    return samples_nuts_, stats_nuts_

samples_nuts, stats_nuts = nuts_sampler(init)

Answer 1

I have an answer to my question! It is simply a matter of different nomenclature. I need to define my model as a softmax function, which I knew was what I would call a "logit model", but it just wasn't clicking for me. The following blog post gave me the epiphany: http://khakieconomics.github.io/2019/03/17/Putting-it-all-together.html