从 SQL 服务器中的 nvarchar 类型列中提取特定字符串

Question

I have a string like &hprop=anprop_p&asofmonth=01/2017&OutputType=PDF&IsGrid=-&ReportCode=AllCol1&Attach=NO&IsRequestQue=true and want to pull the values partitioned by & from string.

As we see above each string is separated with & and both the values have a name ie Outputtype= and ReportCode=

In SQL query it should return only values in different columns. AllCol1 Aand PDF

I have tried the below query but it is pulling string ReportCode=AllCol1

declare @Str varchar(500)
select  SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING(@Str, CHARINDEX('&ReportCode=', @Str) + 1, LEN(@Str)), 0, CHARINDEX('&', SUBSTRING(@Str, CHARINDEX('&', @Str) +1, LEN(@Str))))

Answer 1

As you are using SQL Server 2016, you can take advantage of STRING_SPLIT() to split your url into the component query parameters, eg

SELECT  *
FROM    STRING_SPLIT(N'&hprop=anprop_p&asofmonth=01/2017&OutputType=PDF&IsGrid=-&ReportCode=AllCol1&Attach=NO&IsRequestQue=true', '&');

Will return:

value
-----------------

hprop=anprop_p
asofmonth=01/2017
OutputType=PDF
IsGrid=-
ReportCode=AllCol1
Attach=NO
IsRequestQue=true

You would then need to split each result on = to separate it into the parameter name and the argument. eg

SELECT  s.value,
        Parameter = CASE WHEN CHARINDEX('=', s.value) = 0 THEN s.value ELSE LEFT(s.value, CHARINDEX('=', s.value) - 1) END,
        Value = CASE WHEN CHARINDEX('=', s.value) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE SUBSTRING(s.value, CHARINDEX('=', s.value) + 1, LEN(s.value)) END
FROM    STRING_SPLIT(N'&hprop=anprop_p&asofmonth=01/2017&OutputType=PDF&IsGrid=-&ReportCode=AllCol1&Attach=NO&IsRequestQue=true', '&') s;

Returns:

value               Parameter       Value
-------------------------------------------------
                    NULL
hprop=anprop_p      hprop           anprop_p
asofmonth=01/2017   asofmonth       01/2017
OutputType=PDF      OutputType      PDF
IsGrid=-            IsGrid          -
ReportCode=AllCol1  ReportCode      AllCol1
Attach=NO           Attach          NO
IsRequestQue=true   IsRequestQue    true

Finally, you would just need to extract the terms you are actually interested in, and PIVOT them to bring back one row. Bringing it all together, you get:

DECLARE @T TABLE (ID INT IDENTITY, Col NVARCHAR(MAX));
INSERT @T (Col) 
VALUES 
    (N'&hprop=anprop_p&asofmonth=01/2017&OutputType=PDF&IsGrid=-&ReportCode=AllCol1&Attach=NO&IsRequestQue=true'),
    (N'&hprop=anprop_p&asofmonth=01/2017&OutputType=XLS&IsGrid=-&ReportCode=AllCol3&Attach=NO&IsRequestQue=false');

SELECT  pvt.ID, pvt.OutputType, pvt.ReportCode
FROM    (   SELECT  T.ID,
                    t.Col,
                    Parameter = CASE WHEN CHARINDEX('=', s.value) = 0 THEN s.value ELSE LEFT(s.value, CHARINDEX('=', s.value) - 1) END,
                    Value = CASE WHEN CHARINDEX('=', s.value) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE SUBSTRING(s.value, CHARINDEX('=', s.value) + 1, LEN(s.value)) END
            FROM    @T AS t
                    CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(T.Col, '&') AS s
            WHERE   s.value <> ''
        ) AS t
        PIVOT (MAX(Value) FOR Parameter IN ([ReportCode], [OutputType])) AS pvt;

Which returns:

ID  OutputType  ReportCode
----------------------------------
1   PDF         AllCol1
2   XLS         AllCol3

Example on DB<>Fiddle

Answer 2

Use string_split() :

select max(case when s.value like 'Outputtype=%'
                then stuff(s.value, 1, 11, '')
           end) as Outputtype,
       max(case when s.value like 'ReportCode=%'
                then stuff(s.value, 1, 11, '')
           end) as ReportCode       
from string_split(@str, '&') s;

Here is a db<>fiddle.