如何确定哪些 gem 与 Ruby 版本捆绑在一起

Question

Which gems, and their specific versions, ship bundled with various versions of Ruby on Linux?

How can I this information without having to install each version of Ruby and running gem list ? Are there manifest files for this online anywhere?

Answer 1

I guess you are asking for gem list --local to see which gems have been installed for a particular project.

Ruby is a language like Python, PERL or C#, but a gem is a Ruby library, just a Ruby script that serves some purpose, like any other language has libraries to handle things like Time objects or perhaps making an HTTP request.

Saying "which gems come with a version of Ruby" is a strange request to me, because, specifically on Linux, if you were to compile Ruby from source, you wouldn't have any gems. You would have installed only the interpreter on your machine. Gems are things that you would have to install once you had a specific version of Ruby.

There may be some auto-installer Linux packages that automatically install a version of Ruby with commonly-used gems. MOST methods to install Ruby will include functionality - as TinMan pointed out in the comments - like rubygems - to get you started.

On macOS:

ls -ltra ~/.rbenv/versions
Apr 27 12:13 2.4.5
Aug 21  2019 2.4.6
Mar  5 06:35 2.5.0
Jan 12 20:57 2.5.3
Oct  4  2019 2.6.3
Feb 11 09:32 2.6.5
Mar  4 22:20 2.7.0

Those are the Ruby versions I installed, and inside each is a folder of gems I installed for each version:

ls -l .rbenv/versions/2.6.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems

actioncable-5.0.7.2  benchmark-ips-2.7.2  excon-0.71.1  io-like-0.3.0  parser-2.7.0.4  recaptcha-5.2.1  sidekiq-6.0.7
actioncable-5.2.4.1  better_errors-2.5.1  execjs-2.7.0  io-like-0.3.1  pg-0.21.0       recaptcha-5.3.0  signet-0.12.0

There are many more gems for that particular version.

Just list the files in the directory of the installed version of Ruby and you'll find everything.

Answer 2

Which gems, and their specific versions, ship bundled with various versions of Ruby on Linux?

This actually does not depend so much on the Ruby version but on the Ruby implementation. For example, in Rubinius, the compiler, the parser, the Abstract Syntax Tree, the Instruction Set, and the standard library are all separate gems.

Whereas in YARV, the parser and the compiler are just parts of the monolithic VM, and the standard library is just part of the source tree.

How can I this information without having to install each version of Ruby and running gem list ? Are there manifest files for this online anywhere?

Again, this depends heavily on the implementation.

For TruffleRuby , you can find the list of bundled gems and default gems in the fileversions.json , which currently looks like this:

{
  "ruby": {
    "version": "2.6.5",
    "revision": 67812
  },

  "gems": {
    "default": {
      "bundler": "1.17.2",
      "gem": "3.0.3",
      "irb": "1.0.0",
      "rake": "12.3.2",
      "rdoc": "6.1.2"
    },

    "bundled": {
      "did_you_mean": "1.3.0",
      "minitest": "5.11.3",
      "net-telnet": "0.2.0",
      "power_assert": "1.1.3",
      "rake": "12.3.2",
      "test-unit": "3.2.9",
      "xmlrpc": "0.3.0"
    }
  }
}

For YARV , you can find the list of bundled gems in the file gems/bundled_gems in the YARV source code, which currently looks like this:

minitest 5.14.0 https://github.com/seattlerb/minitest
power_assert 1.2.0 https://github.com/ruby/power_assert
rake 13.0.1 https://github.com/ruby/rake
test-unit 3.3.5 https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit
rexml 3.2.4 https://github.com/ruby/rexml
rss 0.2.9 https://github.com/ruby/rss

I am not very familiar with the Rubinius build system, so I was not able to find a simple single location for the list of gems. I found a couple, but I don't think the list is exhaustive:

gems_list.txt in the main Rubinius repository :

bundler-1.16.1.gem
minitest-5.11.1.gem
racc-1.4.14.gem
rake-12.3.0.gem
rb-readline-0.5.5.gem
rdoc-5.1.0.gem

The Rubinius Code repository contains tools to compile and run code on the Rubinius platform, which are used in the Rubinius Ruby implementation. The repository contains the following gems:

• rubinius-ast.gemspec : rubinius-ast – An Abstract Syntax Tree for the Rubinius language platform.
• rubinius-compiler.gemspec : rubinius-compiler – A Bytecode compiler for the Rubinius language platform.
• rubinius-instructions.gemspec : rubinius-instructions – Support tools for Rubinius instruction set.
• rubinius-melbourne.gemspec : rubinius-melbourne – Ruby parser extracted from MRI.
• rubinius-processor.gemspec : rubinius-processor – Converts Melbourne parse tree into an AST.
• rubinius-toolset.gemspec : rubinius-toolset – A registry for Rubinius code tools.
• rubinius-code.gemspec : rubinius-code – A suite of tools for working with code on the Rubinius language platform. (A meta-gem depending on the other 6 gems, rubinius-ast , rubinius-compiler , rubinius-instructions , rubinius-melbourne , rubinius-processor , and rubinius-toolset .)

Of course, in addition to all of this, the ruby package of any Linux distribution may, at the discretion of the maintainer of that package, depend on, or install any number of gems as well.