在 c++ 中实现通用双链表

Question

I have implemented a fairly simple idea of a double linked list. I don't know what am I doing wrong. I have tried making the member variables of the node as public but doesn't help. Friend class doesn't help either? What is the nonclass type here?

d_list.h

#include "node.h"
#ifndef NODE_H
#define NODE_H

template<class T>
class d_list{
    private:
       int list_size;
       T* head;
       T* tail;  

    public:
       //parametrized Default constructor
       d_list(T* h=nullptr, T* t=nullptr):head(h),tail(t){}

       //get Head of the List
       T* gethead(){return this->head;}
       T* gettail(){return this->tail;}
       void addnodeastail(T* new_node){
           if(this->head==nullptr){
              this->head=new_node;//this->head will point towards new_node  
              this->tail=this->head;
              this->list_size=list_size+1;
           }
           else{

                this->tail= new_node;
                this->tail->next=new_node->previous;
           }
       }
};
#endif

'''

node.h

template<class T>
    class Node{
        private:
            Node* next;
            Node* previous;
            T data;

        public:
            Node()=default;
            Node(T dta):data(dta){}
            ~Node(){}
    };

main.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"d_list.h"
using namespace std;

int main(){

    d_list<int> d1;
    cout<<d1.gethead()<<endl;
    cout<<d1.gettail()<<endl;
    int var=20;
    int* n1= &var;
    int var2 =40;
    int* n2= &var2;
    d1.addnodeastail(n1);
    d1.addnodeastail(n2);
    cout<<d1.gethead()<<endl;
    cout<<d1.gettail()<<endl;
    return 0;
}

Error which I am receiving is something like

In file included from main.cpp:2:
d_list.h: In instantiation of 'void d_list<T>::addnodeastail(T*) [with T = int]':
main.cpp:14:24:   required from here
d_list.h:28:29: error: request for member 'next' in '*((d_list<int>*)this)->d_list<int>::tail', which is of non-class type 'int'
   28 |                 this->tail->next=new_node->previous;
      |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
d_list.h:28:44: error: request for member 'previous' in '* new_node', which is of non-class type 'int'
   28 |                 this->tail->next=new_node->previous;
      |                                  ~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~

Answer 1

With

template<class T>
class d_list{
    private:
       int list_size;
       T* head;
       T* tail; 

you declare that head and tail are pointers to the template type T .

That means for d_list<int> you effectively have

int* head;
int* tail;

That makes no sense, your head and tail pointers should be pointers to the first and last nodes in the list:

Node<T>* head;
Node<T>* tail;

And when adding elements to the list, you need to create new Node<T> instances to hold the data, and add the nodes to the list.

Answer 2

The thing is that head and tail shouldn't be T , but rather node<T> :

Node<T>* head;
Node<T>* tail;

Remember, T is the type of object you want to hold in your list. It has no link associated with it. So if you do a d_list<int> currently as written, the templated code will look something like this:

int* head;
int* tail;

These are not linked to each other, this is just a pointer to an int (or a list of int s if you used something like new ). To create a link, you need to use Node so o matter where in memory they are stored, they will have a logical connection. That way, d_list<int> would look something like this instead:

Node<int>* head;
Node<int>* tail;

This will let you use nodes to develop a logically connected list of int s, which is exactly what you want for a linked list.