D8：无法在单个 dex 文件中容纳请求的类

Question

I am trying to add the below dependencies:

  firebase_auth: ^0.14.0+5
  google_sign_in: ^4.0.7
  cloud_firestore: ^0.12.9+5
  fluttertoast: ^3.1.3
  image_picker: ^0.6.1+8
  shared_preferences: ^0.5.3+4
  firebase_storage: ^3.0.6
  cached_network_image: 2.0.0-rc.1
  firebase_messaging: 6.0.13
  flutter_local_notifications: 1.4.0
  photo_view: ^0.5.0

I found this error:

D8: Cannot fit requested classes in a single dex file (# methods: 85948 > 65536)
com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while merging dex archives:      
The number of method references in a .dex file cannot exceed 64K.       
Learn how to resolve this issue at https://developer.android.com/tools/building/multidex.html
        at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveMerger.getExceptionToRethrow(D8DexArchiveMerger.java:131)
        at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveMerger.mergeDexArchives(D8DexArchiveMerger.java:118)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.DexMergerTransformCallable.call(DexMergerTransformCallable.java:102)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.DexMergingTaskRunnable.run(DexMergingTask.kt:444)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.Workers$ActionFacade.run(Workers.kt:335)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.AdapterWorkAction.execute(AdapterWorkAction.java:50)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.DefaultWorkerServer.execute(DefaultWorkerServer.java:47)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.NoIsolationWorkerFactory$1$1$1.create(NoIsolationWorkerFactory.java:65)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.NoIsolationWorkerFactory$1$1$1.create(NoIsolationWorkerFactory.java:61)
        at org.gradle.internal.classloader.ClassLoaderUtils.executeInClassloader(ClassLoaderUtils.java:98)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.NoIsolationWorkerFactory$1$1.execute(NoIsolationWorkerFactory.java:61)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.AbstractWorker$1.call(AbstractWorker.java:44)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.AbstractWorker$1.call(AbstractWorker.java:41)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:416)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:406)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:165)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:250)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:158)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:102)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.call(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:36)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.AbstractWorker.executeWrappedInBuildOperation(AbstractWorker.java:41)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.NoIsolationWorkerFactory$1.execute(NoIsolationWorkerFactory.java:56)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.DefaultWorkerExecutor$3.call(DefaultWorkerExecutor.java:215)
        at org.gradle.workers.internal.DefaultWorkerExecutor$3.call(DefaultWorkerExecutor.java:210)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultConditionalExecutionQueue$ExecutionRunner.runExecution(DefaultConditionalExecutionQueue.java:215)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultConditionalExecutionQueue$ExecutionRunner.runBatch(DefaultConditionalExecutionQueue.java:164)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultConditionalExecutionQueue$ExecutionRunner.run(DefaultConditionalExecutionQueue.java:131)
        at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:64)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:48)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:56)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: com.android.tools.r8.CompilationFailedException: Compilation failed to complete
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.t.a(:55)
        at com.android.tools.r8.D8.run(:11)
        at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveMerger.mergeDexArchives(D8DexArchiveMerger.java:116)
        ... 34 more
Caused by: com.android.tools.r8.utils.AbortException: Error: null, Cannot fit requested classes in a single dex file (# methods: 85948 > 65536)
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.Reporter.a(:21)
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.Reporter.a(:7)
        at com.android.tools.r8.dex.VirtualFile.a(:33)
        at com.android.tools.r8.dex.VirtualFile$h.a(:5)
        at com.android.tools.r8.dex.ApplicationWriter.a(:13)
        at com.android.tools.r8.dex.ApplicationWriter.write(:35)        
        at com.android.tools.r8.D8.d(:44)
        at com.android.tools.r8.D8.b(:1)
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.t.a(:23)
        ... 36 more


FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:mergeDexDebug'.
> A failure occurred while executing com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.Workers$ActionFacade
   > com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while merging dex archives: 
     The number of method references in a .dex file cannot exceed 64K.
     Learn how to resolve this issue at https://developer.android.com/tools/building/multidex.html

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 51s
Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'...
Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'... Done                        53.6s
[!] The shrinker may have failed to optimize the Java bytecode.
    To disable the shrinker, pass the `--no-shrink` flag to this command.
    To learn more, see: https://developer.android.com/studio/build/shrink-code
Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1

and this is my full pubspec.yaml

name: aradi_online_vtwo
description: A new Flutter project.
https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Articles/CoreFoundationKeys.html
version: 1.0.0+1

environment:
  sdk: ">=2.7.0 <3.0.0"

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  provider: ^3.0.0
  intl: ^0.15.8
  flutter_speed_dial: ^1.2.1
  font_awesome_flutter: ^8.5.0
  smooth_star_rating: ^1.0.3
  firebase_auth: ^0.14.0+5
  google_sign_in: ^4.0.7
  cloud_firestore: ^0.12.9+5
  fluttertoast: ^3.1.3
  image_picker: ^0.6.1+8
  shared_preferences: ^0.5.3+4
  firebase_storage: ^3.0.6
  cached_network_image: 2.0.0-rc.1
  firebase_messaging: 6.0.13
  flutter_local_notifications: 1.4.0
  photo_view: ^0.5.0

  # The following adds the Cupertino Icons font to your application.
  # Use with the CupertinoIcons class for iOS style icons.
  cupertino_icons: ^0.1.2

dev_dependencies:
  flutter_test:
    sdk: flutter


# For information on the generic Dart part of this file, see the
# following page: https://www.dartlang.org/tools/pub/pubspec

# The following section is specific to Flutter.
flutter:

  # The following line ensures that the Material Icons font is
  # included with your application, so that you can use the icons in
  # the material Icons class.
  uses-material-design: true

  # To add assets to your application, add an assets section, like this:
  assets:
    - assets/images/
    - assets/design_course/
    - assets/fitness_app/
    - assets/hotel/

  # An image asset can refer to one or more resolution-specific "variants", see
  # https://flutter.dev/assets-and-images/#resolution-aware.

  # For details regarding adding assets from package dependencies, see
  # https://flutter.dev/assets-and-images/#from-packages

  # To add custom fonts to your application, add a fonts section here,
  # in this "flutter" section. Each entry in this list should have a
  # "family" key with the font family name, and a "fonts" key with a
  # list giving the asset and other descriptors for the font. For
  # example:
  fonts:
    - family: WorkSans
      fonts:
        - asset: assets/fonts/WorkSans-Regular.ttf
        - asset: assets/fonts/WorkSans-Medium.ttf
          weight: 500
        - asset: assets/fonts/WorkSans-SemiBold.ttf
          weight: 600
        - asset: assets/fonts/WorkSans-Bold.ttf
          weight: 700
    - family: Roboto
      fonts:
        - asset: assets/fonts/Roboto-Bold.ttf
        - asset: assets/fonts/Roboto-Regular.ttf
        - asset: assets/fonts/Roboto-Medium.ttf
          weight: 400
  # For details regarding fonts from package dependencies,
  # see https://flutter.dev/custom-fonts/#from-packages

So how can I solve this problem?

Answer 1

Add multiDex to your app-level build.gradle file. Under defaultConfig add this line

multiDexEnabled true

Then in dependencies add multidex and check versions

implementation 'androidx.multidex:multidex: 2.0.1'

Answer 2

So basically this error happens when your app and the libraries it references exceed 65,536 methods,the build error just means your app has reached the limit of the Android build architecture, so to fix this go to android/app/build.gradle directory and add the multiDexEnabled true and implementation 'com.android.support:multidex:2.0.1' in thus manner

defaultConfig {
        // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
        ........
        multiDexEnabled true
    }


dependencies {
    ...........
    implementation 'com.android.support:multidex:2.0.1'
}

and of course restart your android-studio or the platform you're using.

Answer 3

Upgrade min sdk to 21

I had the same issue and Multi dex is not engouh to solve it I'm solve it with updgrading min sdk to 21

 defaultConfig {
    ...
    minSdkVersion 21
    targetSdkVersion 30
    multiDexEnabled
}



 dependencies {
     ...
    implementation 'androidx.multidex:multidex:2.0.1'
}

Answer 4

If none of this works just add one more thing increment your minsdkversion in app gradle (build gradle ) if it is 20 then do 21 or increase by 1 -2. It works for me

Answer 5

in my case the app not build after adding the above lines so I have

           shrinkResources true
           minifyEnabled true
           proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'

       }
       debug {
           proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'

           minifyEnabled true
           shrinkResources true
       }

proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' line is missing so I add it

Answer 6

I tried with 'multiDexEnabled' and implementation 'androidx.multidex:multidex: 2.0.1' that worked

Answer 7

If you use android plugin with version 7.4.0 , you need to add minifyEnabled true to debug{} block.

id 'com.android.application' version '7.4.0'

buildTypes {
        release { ... }
        debug {
            // 'com.android.application' version '7.4.0' 需要（奇葩）
            minifyEnabled true

            applicationIdSuffix ".debug"
            versionNameSuffix "-debug"
        }
    }